Chapter 14 Exploration Flashcards
Bartholomew DIas
Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Diaz read the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope and 1488
Prince Henry the navigator
Founded a school for navigators on the south western coast of Portugal
Vasco da Gama
First person to sell directly from Europe to India
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer who worked for the queen of Spain
Discovered the New World
Ferdinand Magellan
Led the first European book voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe
Treaty of tordesillas
Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain how long American 370 leagues west of the kids Verde islands
Hernando Cortes
Conquistador who conquered the vast Aztec empire in Central America
Francisco Pizarro
Explorer and Conquistador Francisco Pizarro help to Vasco Nunez the bubblewrap discover the Pacific ocean and after conquering Peru found it it’s capital city Lima
Triangular Trade
Connected Europe Africa and the American continents that characterize the new Atlantic economy
Mercantilism
Name historians use to identify a set of economic tendencies that came to dominate economic practices in the 17th century
Focused on the role of the state believing that state intervention in some aspects of the economy was desirable for the sake of the national good
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia.
British East India Company
The East India Company, originally chartered as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, and more properly called the Honourable East India Company, was an English, … Wikipedia
Navigation acts Britain
Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. They began in 1651 and ended 200 years later.
Joint stock trading Company
A joint-stock company is a business entity where different stakes can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by his or her shares (certificates of ownership).
Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Inquisition (Started Nov. 1, 1478 by King Ferdinand of Aragon (Isabella was from Castille)). Cardinal Ximenes was the Franciscan monk put over the inquisition and the effort to keep Protestantism out of Spain. Ximenes founded a number of Christian Humanist universities, used the Inquisition to push only the orthodox Catholic faith, then eventually directly pushed the Inquisition (an instrument to either force out non-Catholics, or force them to convert.)
Ignatius of Loyola
- Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)—In his early years, Ignatius was a soldier. He eventually left his career of soldiering and became a monk. He was able to start his own monastic order—for people that were completely & totally zealously devoted to the pope in 1534. Jesuits took a vow of poverty and chastity, and were completely devoted to battling against the forces of Reformation. The monastic order Ignatius created was called the ―Society of Jesus, also known as
Who were the first Europeans to discover the New World?
The first Europeans to discover the New World were the Vikings.
The organization of the Vikings was not such as to engage in a massive colonization effort. After all the Vikings were still raiding European cities, and attempting to win huge tracts of land in England.
Who was involved in the hundred years war?
France and England were involved in the Hundred Years War. After that, England became involved in the (Civil) Wars of the Roses,
Inflation
Inflation—Spain was bringing hordes of silver (and a
little gold) from America. This led to a general inflation across the Spanish empire. Due to inefficient taxation systems and spending policies, the Spanish government never really profited (long-term) from all this new money.
Battle of Lepanato
he Battle of Lepanto (1571), in which the navies of the “Holy League” (Spain, Venice, and the Papal States) annhilated the Ottoman Navy. However the Holy League did not press the victory, made no strategic gains, and the Ottomans quickly rebuilt their navy.
The Netherlands
The Netherlands—Had been a Hapsburg possession since the generation of Ferdinand and Isabella (longer than Spain had been Hapsburg). Was geographically separated from Spain, located on a number of crossroads between Germany, England, and France. As a result, the Reformation had taken hold there.
Pacification of Ghent
Pacification of Ghent (1576) was the treaty among the Dutch republics that unified the nation (where they pledged to drive out the Spaniards). [Roughly modern day Holland/ the Netherlands]. Fighting lasted off and on from 1565-1609. Spain never acknowledged Holland‘s independence until the Treaty of Westphalia, 1648.
Portolani
Charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians in a 13th and 14th century were more usual
Where did Portuguese ships reach?
The Senegal river north of Cape Verde it brought a cargo a black Africans most slaves
What did da Gama find?
He went to search for Christians and spices but he didn’t find Christians but he did find spices
Portuguese Armada defeated…?
A combined fleet of Turkish an Indian shipped off the coast of India
Admiral Alfonso Albuquerque
Set up port facilities at Goa
Why were the Portuguese so successful?
Because of their guns and seamanship
And effective use of Naval technology
What did Columbus believe?
He felt that Asia could be reached by sailing west instead of around Africa
He was rejected by the Portuguese he persuaded Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his expedition
Columbus’s ships
Santa Maria the Niña and the pita
John Cabot
Explored the new England coastline of the Americas under a license from King Henry VII of England
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
expedition across the isthmus of Panama and reach the Pacific ocean in 1513
The Maya
Built temples and pyramids were accomplished artist and develop a sophisticated calendar as accurate as any in existence in the world at the time
Aztecs
Established their capital at technotichlon on the island in the middle of like Texico
The Inca
Small community
Pachakuti
Incas powerful ruler
Divided his realm into four quarters each ruled by a governor the quarters were intern divided into provinces each also ruled by the governor
Anton Montesino
Said this in Santo Domingo
And you are here heading for damnation for you are destroying and innocent people for they are gods people these innocent to me destroyed by what right do you make them die mining gold for you and your minds or working for you and your fields by what right do you unleash insulating wars upon them they lived in peace in this land before you came in peace in their own homes they did nothing to harm you to cause you to slaughter them pull a sale
What were the Catholic monarchs of Spain appointed to do?
They could appoint bishops and clergy build churches collect fees and supervise the various religious orders that sought to Christianize the heathen
Where did the Portuguese build forts?
On both the western and eastern coast of Africa and try to dominate the trade in gold
Cane sugar
First trying to introduce to Europeans in the middle eastern the Crusades
Set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on several islands in the Caribbean
Middle passage
Journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas
King of Fonzo of Congo
so great sire a corruption and license to sniff that our country is being completely depopulated
Dutch slave trader
From us they have learned strife Corling drunkenness trickery theft and brittle desire for what is not one’s own misdeeds unknown to them before and that accursed lust for gold
Why did Portuguese efforts to dominate the trade didn’t succeed?
They lacked the numbers in the wealth to overcome local resistance and colonize Asian regions their empire was simply too large and Portugal too small to maintain
Portuguese chronicler laminated
My country oh my country too heavy is a task that has been laid on your shoulders day after day I watch the ships leaving your Shores field always with your best and greatest man into many do not return who then is left to tell the fields to harvest the grapes to keep the enemy on our front tears at bay
Where do the Dutch establish a fort?
Batavia modern Jakarta
The Mughal Empire
Founder Babur
Greatest Indian empire
Dutch and the French
The Dutch didn’t concentrate on the spice trade but the French for more persistent and establish their own fortes on the East Coast
How many colonies of British North America have?
13 colonies
Mercantilism focused…
On the role of the state they believe the state in some aspects of the economy was desirable for the sake of the nations good
Mateo Reesie described the Jesuit approach
In order that the appearance of a new religion might not Arosa’s mission among the Chinese people the Jesswhit fathers to not speak only about a religious matters when they begin to appear in public they did however try to teach this pageant people in a more direct way namely my virtue of their example by the sent to the other lives
What territory did the Dutch seize around the globe?
South Africa and it was later called the Dutch East India Company
Columbian exchange
It was the trading exportation and imprecation of animals and plants between the Europeans and Americans
