Ch 17 Enlightenment Flashcards
Bernard de Fontenelle
Especially important as a direct link between the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the philosophes of the 18th
Secretary of the French Royal Academy of science
Contributed to the growing of skepticism
Immanuel Kant
German philosopher
Defined the enlightened as “mans leaving his self caused immaturity.”
“Dare to know”
Pierre Bayle
Remained a Protestant while becoming a leading critic of traditional religious attitudes he attacked superstition religious intolerance and dogmatismhe argued for complete a religious toleration maintaining that the existence of many religions would benefit rather than harm the state
Charles Louis Montesquieu
3 different branches of government
Came from French nobility
Studied law and in his first work the Persian matters use the format of two Persian supposedly traveling in Western Europe and sending their impressions back home to enable him to criticize French institutions especially the Catholic Church and the French monarchy
Spirit of the laws
Voltair
Greatest figure of the enlightenment
Play write philosopher
A philosopher was well known for his criticism of traditional religion and his support of religious toleration
Denis Diderot
Became a freelance writer so that he can only study many subjects and reading many languages his favorite topic was Christianity which he condemned as fanatical an unreasonable his literary attacks grew vicious when he got older
Wrote “encyclopedia”
Herbert of Cherbury & Deism
Founded deism
David Hume
An important figure in the history philosophy Hume has also been called a “pioneering social scientists”
Agriculture and
Francios Quesnay
Leader of the Physiocrats they claim they would discover the natural economic laws that govern human society
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher and his inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of Nations known simply as a wealth of Nations
He presented a strong attack on mercantilism first he condemned the mercantilist use of tariffs to protect home industries
Condorcet & Baron d’Holbach
German aristocrat who settled in Paris preached a doctrine of strict atheism and materialism and his system of nature he argue that everything in the universe consisted of matter in motion
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Political believes were presented into major works
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer reviewed by many as the founder of modern European feminism she pointed out to contradictions in the views of women held by such in my fingers as Rousseau
Marie-Therese de Geoffrin
Widow whose father had been a valet welcome to the encyclopedias to her salon and offered financial assistance to complete the work in secret
Cesar’s beccario
He did on crimes and punishments opposed to capital punishment
Jacques Louis David
Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. Wikipedia
Johann Sebastian Bach
Was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He enriched established German styles through his skill in counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and the adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach’s compositions include the Brandenburg Concertos
George Frederick Handel
George Frideric Handel was a German-born, British Baroque composer famous for his operas, oratorios, anthems and organ concertos. Wikipedia
Franz Joseph Haydn
known as Joseph Haydn,[n 1] was a prominent and prolific composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio[1] and his contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets “Father of the Symphony” and “Father of the String Quartet”.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood. Wikipedia
