Ch.16 Scientific Revolution Flashcards
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism, or heliocentricism,[1] is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a relatively stationary Sun at the center of the Solar System. The word comes from the Greek (ἥλιος helios “sun” and κέντρον kentron “center”). Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos,
Geocentricsm
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece
Nicholas Copernicus
a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at its center.
EVERYTHING REVOLVED AROUND THE SUN RELIED IN RESEARCH OF OTHRTS
Wrote on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres
Tycho Brahe
Proved that the universe does change mathematicians
Johannes Kepler
German, almost became a Lutheran
pastor. Became an assistant of Brahe’s in Prague. Kepler believed that there was a divine order to the Universe—believed that the planetary
Galileo Galilei
Galileo, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy”,[4] the “father of modern physics”,[5][6] the “father of science”,[6][7] and “the father of modern science”.[8]
Isaac Newton
development of calculus.
Newton’s Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists’ view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. By deriving Kepler’s laws of planetar
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, better known as Galen of Pergamon, was a prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman empire. Wikipedia
Paracelsus
was a Swiss German[3] Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist.[4] He founded the discipline of Toxicology.[5] He is also known as a revolutionary for insisting upon using observations of nature, rather than looking to ancient texts, in open and radical defiance of medical practice of his day.[5] He is also credited for giving zinc its name, calling it zincum.[6][7] Modern psychology often also credits him for being the first to note that some diseases are rooted in psychological illness.
Andreas Vesalius
Andreas Vesalius was a Brabantian anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica. Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.
William Harvey
British scientist, was able to prove how blood flowed in a person’s body (bear in mind that he published a lifetime after Vesalius).
Robert Boyle
was an Irish 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland, he was also noted for his writings in theology. Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle’s law,[2] which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.[3][4] Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.
Antoine Lavoisier
It is generally accepted that Lavoisier’s great accomplishments in chemistry largely stem from the fact that he changed the science from a qualitative to a quantitative one. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He predicted the existence of silicon (1787)[3] and was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound.[4] He discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.
Margaret cavendish
Cavendish was a poet, philosopher, writer of prose romances, essayist, and playwright who published under her own name at a time when most women writers published anonymously. Her writing addressed a number of topics, including gender, power, manners, scientific method, and philosophy. Her utopian romance, The Blazing World, is one of the earliest examples of science fiction.[1]
Maria sibylla merian
Important entomologist
Wrote “metamorphosis of the insects of Surinam”
60 illustrations to show the reproductive and developmental cycles of Suriname insect life
Maria winkelman
Astronomer
Viewed comet
Difficulty with the Berlin academy
Rene Descartes
Studied law
Found out new rational mathematical system
Mind and matter
Made Cartesian dualism
“Father of modern rationalism”
Francis bacon and scientific method
He didn’t doubt people’s thought about humans ability to know the natural world but he thought they viewed it wrong.
He wanted science to contribute to the mechanical art by creating devices
Benedict de Spinoza
Philosopher in Amsterdam
Rejected tenets of Judaism and was excommunicated at 24
Went to university of heidlenburg
Did not believe Descartes ideas especially mind over matter
Blaise pascal
French scientist who wanted to keek science and religion United
Invented calculation machine
Saw vision and said he will live his life for religion matters
Didn’t want to rely on scientists world of order and rationality to attract people to God
English royal society
Theoretical
French royal Academy of Sciences
Practical
Was under government control
Receiver little government encouragement
Committee to investigate technological improvements for industry
The Starry Messenger by Galilieo
Short astronomical treatise. First published scientific work based on observations made through a telescope.
Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican by Galilieo
Compared Copernican system with traditional Ptolemaic system. By him publishing it he was convicted of heresy
Newtons concept of World Machine
The clockwork universe theory is what he thought was ran by God.
Vesalius book
The Fabric Of the Human Body
Querelles de femmes
It is a debate about the social role of woman in modern western society
Descartes
Cartesian coordinate
