Chapter 14- Economic Inequality Flashcards
developed countries
location-northern hemisphere,australia,new zealand,east asian countries include japan and south korea
industry-heavily industrialised. many ertiary economic activities. high income
characteristics-excellent education,health care,efficient transport networks+infrastructure
quickly developing countries
location-south america (brazil), south east asia(china,vietnam,indonesia) and the middle east(saudi arabia)
industry-industrialisation occurring rapidly. mnc’s locate here because land and labour is cheaper than developed countries.mainly secondary economic activities
characteristics-improvement in healthcare,education and water supply rising standard of living
slowly developing countries
location-southern hemisphere,50 countries,sub-saharan africa, asian countries (nepal,laos,afghanistan)
industry-low incomes with a dependence of primary economic activities
characteristics-land locked countries (mali).civil wars (liberia democratic republic of congo). foreign debts. corrupt leaders.high population growth.healthcare systems
what are the difficulties faced by coffee farmers
climate changes-two main harvesting seasons for coffee ois oct-dec and apr-may the coffee beans need some sunshine and some rainfall. in a good harvest farmers should be able to pick 120 kg of coffee bean cherries a day which results in 25 kg of coffee beans produced.however if the temperature is to cold/wet the trees wont produce any income
price fluctuation-the price of coffee beans is unreliable as it rises and falls. this is connected to supply and demand. example in 2008 coffee bean prices were 3 dollars a kg but in 2011 it doubles to 6 kg a dollar
what are the types of aid
bilateral aid multilateral aid emergency development aid tied aid
what is bilateral aid
this is where one goverment gives money to another goverment
what is multilateral aid
this is where a number of countries give money to a organisation
what is emergency aid
this is aid in the form of food,water and medicines
what is development aid
this type of aid comes with conditions that benifit the giving country
advantages of aid
iad can teach people self reliance when it is targeted at certain grouups. farmers are taught teqneuqyes such as crop rotation,fertiliser use and food storage.they can provide for their families and sell their surplus in teh market. women are trained sewing skills can make items/clothing that they can sell in the market giving them independence
emergency aid saves lives-after a devastating earthquake in haiti 2010 9 billion dollars in emergency aid was given through governments an d private donations.refugees fleeing from war or famine are fed, given shelter and clothed
two disadvantages of aid
many developing countries are led corrupt by leaders. dishonest people steal some aid given by donor governments. fro example irish aid suspended its 16 million of bilateral aid to uganda after it was uncovered that 4 million was stole by the senior ugandan government official
a lot of aid misses its target. the poorest people and is not appropriate. this is because poorest are also the weakest and less demanding. many poor people live in remote rural areas and due to isolation are forgotten about by governments. spme aids is not appropriate for local needs
what are cash crops
agriculture crop that are produced on a large scale for a profit
what is commodity
raw material that is bought and sold on a large scale by farmers and sold for a profit
how has war and conflict hindered development in a developing country
- the revolutionary united front (RUF) started the civil war in 1991 with the help of the rebels fighting for Charles Taylor in neighbouring Liberia. in 1992 the military overthrew joseph momohs government
- 50,000 were killed and 2 million were displaced
- Both sides in the conflict used children as soldiers and this resulted in 67% of children not going to school.it is estimated that the number of children fighting for the ruf reached 4000. ove 1500 were destroyed during conflict
- money was spent on conflict and war instead of education and has made it difficult for the country to grow
how has climate hindered economic development in a developing country
-in africa lack of rainfall can lead to dire conditions. long periods of drought in some legions had led to deforestation
-this means that soil can be overused and left infertile. in sierra leone the overuse if human resources has led to an unproductive agricultural sector
-the tropical climate brings long dry summers resulting in drought. animals die leading to a famine
average annual rainfall in sierra leone has decreased since 1960 but it is difficult to determine whether this is apart of long term trend because of the variable rainfall nature in this region.
