1st Year- Chapter 4-5 Flashcards
How are fold mountains formed
When an coincidence plate and continental plate are pushed together and collide. The heavier oceanic plate sinks under the continental plate and sinks into the mantle. The continental plate bucks upwards and causing a fold mountain.
Name the two scales used for measuring earthquakes
The Richter scale and the mercado scale and the mercalli scale
What is the Richter scale
It is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake measuring 1-10
What is the mercalli economy scale
It measures the damage of the earthquake from 1-12. It is and observational scale
How do earthquakes occur
Plate movement caused by convection currents. Sometimes plates get stuck. Stress and pressure builds up in the rocks of the plates. Rocks bend under the pressure. Plates slip along the fault line. Energy is suddenly released. Shockwaves are sent to the earths surface resulting in an earthquake
Where do earthquakes occur
Destructive,constructive and passive plate boundaries
Name three waves to reduce impact of earthquakes
Earthquake resistant build
Damage caused by earthquakes
Death,homes destroyed,transportation networks,burst gas and water pipes
Ways to reduce the impacts of earthquakes
Emergency plans,earthquake drills,earthquake resist and buildings
What are earthquakes
They are sudden vibrations or tremors in the earths crust
What is orogeny
It is the tears used to describe a period/time of fold mt building
Define alpine
30-34mya
Define armorican
250mya
Negatives of volcanic activities
Death-large volcanic eruptions can cause death and the destruction of property
Poise noes gases
Name the three rock groups
Igneous,sedimentary,metamorphic
Name the rocks in igneous
Basalt,granite
Name the rocks in sedimentary
Limestone,sandstone,shales
Name the rocks in metamorphic
Marble,quartzite
What are passive/consative plate boundaries
Two plates slide past each other. Land is either created of destroyed. As the plates slide past each other they can get stuck, pressure builds resulting as a earthquake
Example-Pacific+North American plate
What is a constructive plate boundry
At these plates the two plates separate. Cracks of fault lines occur on the crust. Magma pushes its way into the surface. New land is created. At these boundaries volcanoes/volcanic islands occur and so do earthquakes
Example- North American +Eurasian plate
What’d is destructive plate boundaries
At this plate boundry two plates collide and land is destroyed. When one plate collide on plate sinks into the mantle and is destroyed. This is called subduction..at this boundaries earthquakes,volcanoes and fold mountains occur
Name the seven major plates
African plate, Antarctic plate ,Eurasian plate, pacific plate ,Indo-Australia plate ,North American plate, south American
What are the convection currents
When the core heats the magma causing it to rise towards the crust it then cools down and falls. The cycle is endless
What are igneous rocks
They are formed as a result of volcanic activity. Hot molten magma escapes from the mantle. It cools and solidifies quickly into rock on the earths surface or slowly deep inside the the crust
What are sedimentary rocks
They are formed from the particles of the rocks dead plants and animals they were just deposited on Sea and lake beds as well as on land layers of this material built up over time and where compressed and cemented creating solid rock
What are metamorphic rocks
They are formed from rocks that already exist they form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed into new harder rocks by great heat or pressure or sometimes both
Name the formation colour use location for the Grannite rock
Formation-molten magma pushed its way into the crust and cooled and hardened there. As it cooled very slowly over millions of years the crystals formed are large ? Some crystals include quartz ,Mika, feldspar
-colour of the Granite are you come from range is the light grey black pink and cream
the use of Grannite are buildings worktops and fireplaces
Name they use formation colour and the location of basalt
It was formed when lava spread out over surface of the Earth crust and cooled and harden the rock has tiny crystals which cannot be seen without use of my A microscope this is because the lava cold and hard and quickly in the open air when it’s reached the surface
The colours are grey and black
They can be used for Road chippings
You can find them in Antrim in the Giants Causeway
What is the formation colour use location of limestone
At the bottom of warm shallow seas it is made from particles of cells and fossils that fell to the bottom of the sea and piled up over millions of years the weight compressed and cemented the particles into layers of solid rock
Colour-grey
Use-monuments building cement
Location-The Burren co. Claire
What is the formation colour use and location of sandstone
With sound that was worn away from the earths crossed the sound was carried by the wind and rivers then deposited in sees lakes and deserts where layers built up over time the layers were compressed and cemented together to form Stanson
colour-reddish
Use-patios and buildings
Location the gatlees or macgillycuddy reeks
What is the formation colour use and location of marble
When Limestone is put under a great heat or pressure changes into marble
colour white red green black
use floor tiles monuments fireplaces
Location-Antrim ,cork,Kilkenny ,Galway
What is the formation colour use and location of quartzites
When sandstone that was changed under a great heat or pressure
colour -white grey
use -watches and Road chippings and sandpaper and a glass
location-the Sugarloaf in County Wicklow and Crow Park in county Mayo
What is denudation
It is when the rocks and soil of the Earth crust are constantly being worn down because of a number of processes
What are the two processes that make up dunudation
There are two processes that make up denudation are weathering and erosion
What is weathering
Weathering means the breakdown of rocks in a specific area that is exposed to the weather
Name two types of weathering
There are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering
What is erosion
Erosion mean the breakdown of rocks and the removal of their particles
What happens after The material has broken down from erosion
The material is then transported elsewhere and deposited
Name three types of erosion
They are moving water erosion, moving ice erosion and moving wind erosion
Name one type of mechanical weathering
One type of mechanical weathering is called the freeze thaw action
Where does the freeze-thaw action occur
It occur in high up in mountainous areas where there are lots of precipitation and the temperature is regular re rise above and far below freezing point which is 0°C
What is precipitation
It is when there is rain sleet or snow in an area
Describe the freeze thaw action and give an examples
During the day water seeps into the cracks in the rocks at night temperatures fall below freezing point the water in the cracks freezes and expands putting pressure on the rocks overtime this process continues to occur weakening rock and eventually forcing a piece of it to break off the broken down rock then gathers up and is known as scree there is usually a buildup of scree at the base of the slope and example of this is crow Patrick in county Mayo
What is chemical weathering
Chemical weathering is when the rocks are dissolved because of a chemical reaction one example of chemical weathering is called carbonation
Name one example of Chemical weathering
Carbonation
Describe Chemical weathering
As rain forms it takes in Carbondale dioxide from the atmosphere. the rainwater mixes with the carbon the dioxide to form a weak carbonic acid this weak carbonic acid has a huge effect on the Limestone rock because It is made up of 80% calcium carbonate the week carbonic acid reacts with calcium carbonate in the limestone and dissolves it as limestone is a permeable rock rainwater can further passed down through the rock
Where else can come to weathering occur
Chemical weathering can also occur in tropical regions
What are karst landscapes
It is an area where bare limestone rock is exposed to the weather. Here the soil has been removed by glaciation leaving the bear limestone rock exposed.
Give an example of an karst landscape
One example of a kast landscape is the burren in County Clare
