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Geography > 1st Year- Chapter 4-5 > Flashcards

1st Year- Chapter 4-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are fold mountains formed

A

When an coincidence plate and continental plate are pushed together and collide. The heavier oceanic plate sinks under the continental plate and sinks into the mantle. The continental plate bucks upwards and causing a fold mountain.

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2
Q

Name the two scales used for measuring earthquakes

A

The Richter scale and the mercado scale and the mercalli scale

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3
Q

What is the Richter scale

A

It is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake measuring 1-10

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4
Q

What is the mercalli economy scale

A

It measures the damage of the earthquake from 1-12. It is and observational scale

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5
Q

How do earthquakes occur

A

Plate movement caused by convection currents. Sometimes plates get stuck. Stress and pressure builds up in the rocks of the plates. Rocks bend under the pressure. Plates slip along the fault line. Energy is suddenly released. Shockwaves are sent to the earths surface resulting in an earthquake

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6
Q

Where do earthquakes occur

A

Destructive,constructive and passive plate boundaries

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7
Q

Name three waves to reduce impact of earthquakes

A

Earthquake resistant build

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8
Q

Damage caused by earthquakes

A

Death,homes destroyed,transportation networks,burst gas and water pipes

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9
Q

Ways to reduce the impacts of earthquakes

A

Emergency plans,earthquake drills,earthquake resist and buildings

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10
Q

What are earthquakes

A

They are sudden vibrations or tremors in the earths crust

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11
Q

What is orogeny

A

It is the tears used to describe a period/time of fold mt building

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12
Q

Define alpine

A

30-34mya

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13
Q

Define armorican

A

250mya

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14
Q

Negatives of volcanic activities

A

Death-large volcanic eruptions can cause death and the destruction of property

Poise noes gases

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15
Q

Name the three rock groups

A

Igneous,sedimentary,metamorphic

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16
Q

Name the rocks in igneous

A

Basalt,granite

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17
Q

Name the rocks in sedimentary

A

Limestone,sandstone,shales

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18
Q

Name the rocks in metamorphic

A

Marble,quartzite

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19
Q

What are passive/consative plate boundaries

A

Two plates slide past each other. Land is either created of destroyed. As the plates slide past each other they can get stuck, pressure builds resulting as a earthquake

Example-Pacific+North American plate

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20
Q

What is a constructive plate boundry

A

At these plates the two plates separate. Cracks of fault lines occur on the crust. Magma pushes its way into the surface. New land is created. At these boundaries volcanoes/volcanic islands occur and so do earthquakes

Example- North American +Eurasian plate

21
Q

What’d is destructive plate boundaries

A

At this plate boundry two plates collide and land is destroyed. When one plate collide on plate sinks into the mantle and is destroyed. This is called subduction..at this boundaries earthquakes,volcanoes and fold mountains occur

22
Q

Name the seven major plates

A 
African plate,
Antarctic plate
,Eurasian plate,
pacific plate
,Indo-Australia plate
,North American plate,
south American
22
Q

What are the convection currents

A

When the core heats the magma causing it to rise towards the crust it then cools down and falls. The cycle is endless

23
Q

What are igneous rocks

A

They are formed as a result of volcanic activity. Hot molten magma escapes from the mantle. It cools and solidifies quickly into rock on the earths surface or slowly deep inside the the crust

24
Q

What are sedimentary rocks

A

They are formed from the particles of the rocks dead plants and animals they were just deposited on Sea and lake beds as well as on land layers of this material built up over time and where compressed and cemented creating solid rock

25
Q

What are metamorphic rocks

A

They are formed from rocks that already exist they form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed into new harder rocks by great heat or pressure or sometimes both

26
Q

Name the formation colour use location for the Grannite rock

A

Formation-molten magma pushed its way into the crust and cooled and hardened there. As it cooled very slowly over millions of years the crystals formed are large ? Some crystals include quartz ,Mika, feldspar

-colour of the Granite are you come from range is the light grey black pink and cream

the use of Grannite are buildings worktops and fireplaces

27
Q

Name they use formation colour and the location of basalt

A

It was formed when lava spread out over surface of the Earth crust and cooled and harden the rock has tiny crystals which cannot be seen without use of my A microscope this is because the lava cold and hard and quickly in the open air when it’s reached the surface

The colours are grey and black

They can be used for Road chippings

You can find them in Antrim in the Giants Causeway

28
Q

What is the formation colour use location of limestone

A

At the bottom of warm shallow seas it is made from particles of cells and fossils that fell to the bottom of the sea and piled up over millions of years the weight compressed and cemented the particles into layers of solid rock

Colour-grey

Use-monuments building cement

Location-The Burren co. Claire

29
Q

What is the formation colour use and location of sandstone

A

With sound that was worn away from the earths crossed the sound was carried by the wind and rivers then deposited in sees lakes and deserts where layers built up over time the layers were compressed and cemented together to form Stanson

colour-reddish

Use-patios and buildings

Location the gatlees or macgillycuddy reeks

30
Q

What is the formation colour use and location of marble

A

When Limestone is put under a great heat or pressure changes into marble

colour white red green black

use floor tiles monuments fireplaces

Location-Antrim ,cork,Kilkenny ,Galway

31
Q

What is the formation colour use and location of quartzites

A

When sandstone that was changed under a great heat or pressure

colour -white grey

use -watches and Road chippings and sandpaper and a glass

location-the Sugarloaf in County Wicklow and Crow Park in county Mayo

32
Q

What is denudation

A

It is when the rocks and soil of the Earth crust are constantly being worn down because of a number of processes

33
Q

What are the two processes that make up dunudation

A

There are two processes that make up denudation are weathering and erosion

34
Q

What is weathering

A

Weathering means the breakdown of rocks in a specific area that is exposed to the weather

35
Q

Name two types of weathering

A

There are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

36
Q

What is erosion

A

Erosion mean the breakdown of rocks and the removal of their particles

37
Q

What happens after The material has broken down from erosion

A

The material is then transported elsewhere and deposited

38
Q

Name three types of erosion

A

They are moving water erosion, moving ice erosion and moving wind erosion

39
Q

Name one type of mechanical weathering

A

One type of mechanical weathering is called the freeze thaw action

40
Q

Where does the freeze-thaw action occur

A

It occur in high up in mountainous areas where there are lots of precipitation and the temperature is regular re rise above and far below freezing point which is 0°C

41
Q

What is precipitation

A

It is when there is rain sleet or snow in an area

42
Q

Describe the freeze thaw action and give an examples

A

During the day water seeps into the cracks in the rocks at night temperatures fall below freezing point the water in the cracks freezes and expands putting pressure on the rocks overtime this process continues to occur weakening rock and eventually forcing a piece of it to break off the broken down rock then gathers up and is known as scree there is usually a buildup of scree at the base of the slope and example of this is crow Patrick in county Mayo

43
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

Chemical weathering is when the rocks are dissolved because of a chemical reaction one example of chemical weathering is called carbonation

44
Q

Name one example of Chemical weathering

A

Carbonation

45
Q

Describe Chemical weathering

A

As rain forms it takes in Carbondale dioxide from the atmosphere. the rainwater mixes with the carbon the dioxide to form a weak carbonic acid this weak carbonic acid has a huge effect on the Limestone rock because It is made up of 80% calcium carbonate the week carbonic acid reacts with calcium carbonate in the limestone and dissolves it as limestone is a permeable rock rainwater can further passed down through the rock

46
Q

Where else can come to weathering occur

A

Chemical weathering can also occur in tropical regions

47
Q

What are karst landscapes

A

It is an area where bare limestone rock is exposed to the weather. Here the soil has been removed by glaciation leaving the bear limestone rock exposed.

48
Q

Give an example of an karst landscape

A

One example of a kast landscape is the burren in County Clare

Geography (11 decks)

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