Chapter 13- Population Flashcards
What is population
It is a word used to describe a group of people. They can exist on many scales example. School population, local population national population.
What is demography
The study of human populations. People who study population are called demographers
What is the birth rate
The number of births per thousand of the population per year
What is the death rate
The number of death per thousand of the population per year
What is natural increase
The growth in population well the birth rate is higher than the death rate
What is migration
The permanent movement of people from one place to another (emigrant)
What is emigration
When a person leaves is a place/country
What is immigration
When a person comes to live in a country
What is infant mortality
The number of infants per thousand babies born in a given year who die before the age of one
What is life expectancy
The average number of years a newborn baby is expected to live in a particular country
What is total fertility rate’s
The average number of births per woman in a particular country
What is population distribution
It’s refers to the way in which people are spread out across the world .example. 90% of people live in the northern hemisphere. Nearly 3/4 of all people live in Africa or Asia
What is population density
It is calculated by dividing the total number of people by the size of the area
Explain stage one in the population cycle/demographic transition model
Stage one – birth rate and death rate are high. High death rates cancels out high birthrates. Very little change in population. Reason – disease, famine.
Examples that Europe medieval times. Tribes in South America America today
Describe stage two in a population cycle/the demographic transition model
Birthrate remained high. Death rates rapidly decrease. Rapid population grows.
Reason – improved healthcare. Clean water and sanitation.
Examples – Mali and Nigeria
Explains stage 3 in the population cycle/demographic transition model
Birthrates decline rapidly. The death rates continue to decline. Population growth continues but slower.
Reasons – rapid economic developments. Parents are more educated and plans family.
Examples – Brazil and India
Describe stage four in the population cycle/demographic tomorrow
Birth rates are very low and death rates. Population growth is low.
Reasons – parents will be well educated and choose to have a small family. High cost of living. Example – Ireland and USA
Describe stage five in the population cycle/demographic transition model
Death rates is higher than birth rates. Population begins to decline (rise in migration).
Reasons – many women choose to have few children and focus on career. High elderly population.
Examples – Germany and Spain
What is the pessimistic view
Population will decline at explosive rates. 10 billion by 2050. Anonymous pressure on food supplies and land
What is the optimistics view
Population will continue to grow but at lower rates. Drop in birthrates. 8 billion by 2050
describe stage one of the population cycle/demographic transition model
birth rates and death rates are high
high birth and death rates cancels out each other
very little change in population
Reason-famine,disease
Examples-Europe in medieval times, tribes in S.America today
describe stage two in the population cycle/ demographic transition model
birth rates remain high
death rates rapidly decreases
rapid population growth
Reason-improved healthcare,clean water and sanitation
Examples-Mali and Nigeria
describe stage three of the population cycle/demographic transition model
birth rates decline rapidly
death rates continue to decline
population rates continue to grow but slower
Reasons-rapid economic development,parents are more educated and family planning
Example-Brazil,India
describe stage four of the population cycle/demographic transition model
birth rates and death rats are very slow
population growth is slow
Reasons-parents are well educated and decide to have a small family, high cost of living
Examples-Ireland,USA
describe stage five of the population cycle/demographic transition model
death rates are higher that death rates
population begin to decline
rise in migration
Reason-may women decine to have few children, focus on career
Examples-Germany,Spain
what is the pessimistic view on the population
population will continue at explosive rate
10 billion by 2050
enormous pressure on food supplies and land
what is the optimistic view on the population
population will continue to grow but at slower rate(birth rates drop)
8 billion by 2050
in brazil it it possible to identify 3 regions based on ethnic differences. Name
mainly black african area of north east brazil
native Amerindian region of the amazon forest
descendants of the white european colonists in the southwest region
give two reasons why the north of italy is the core
NORTH IATALY
Climate-the north indian plain has a continental climate. this means that it has a warm summer with average temperatures of around 24 celsius and cold winters with the average temperatures of 2 celsius. most of the rainfalls happen during winter months. this type of climate is suitable for agriculture
Communication-the flat land of the north indian plain is the suitable for the construction of transport links such as motorways and railways. milan is an important foute focus for access to europe through tunnels under the alps. the region is accessible fro the europe and other parts of italy
give two reasons why the south is peripheral/labour
SOUTH
Economic activities-the mezgimo doesn’t have a wide range of economic activities the north has. agriculture is limited because of soil erosion and other physical factors. the area around naples, campania is the most important agricultural land because of its rich soils and minerals from volcanic eruptions. olive oil/wine ore is produced here.its little industrial development is far from the north.its peripheral location makes the region unattractive for industry. in recent year the government has tried to develop the region bari, brindisi and taranto has been selected as the industrial triangle of the south and industries have been given grants from the governments to locate there
Soils-because of the terrain is upland, soils tend to be thin. deforestation in this region causes a lot of soil erosion. this means that the agriculture is unproductive and limited. farms are proactively low
two problems associated with low population
abandonment of agricultural land-many of the farms in the west of ireland are small and unproductive. it is difficult to make a living there so it is unattractive career choice.instead of inheriting the farm they choose a career somewhere else. many of the farmers in the west are older and less inclined to use more modern methods of farming. some farms become neglected if nobody takes over
political and economic isolation- the peripheral location of the west of ireland means that its farther away from markets of the europe and the centre of decision making in the core region of dublin. the infrastructure of the west is less developed than other parts of the country.this makes it difficult for then region to attract industry and results in fewer employment industries fro people out there
