Chapter 14 Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development Flashcards
Havighurst (1972) believed that each stage of development involved accomplishing certain “tasks,” including:
Getting started in an occupation
Selecting a life partner
Learning to live contentedly with one’s partner
Starting a family and becoming a parent
Assuming the responsibilities of managing a home
Assuming social responsibilities
Erikson: Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation
If a clear sense of self has been established, the individual will begin to look outward to find companionship and love (seeking intimacy).
If individuals are unsuccessful in finding themselves or understanding who they truly are, they will begin to isolate themselves from lasting unions.
individuation
Becoming an individual by means of integrating one’s own values and beliefs with those of one’s parents and one’s society
erikson (1963)
saw the establishment of intimate relationships as the key “crisis” of early adulthood.
Lack of identity is related to a high divorce rate in young marriages.
Ages 17 to 33 are the entry phase of adulthood for young men when they become more independent.
They adopt “the dream” to become someone, and leave their mark on history.
look at her seasons of life o her powerpoint she said it will help
Ages 28 to 33 are called the age-30 transition; characterized for both men and women by reassessment
Later 30s are characterized by settling down or planting roots; financial and emotional investment in home; concerns focus on career advancement, mortgages, and raising own families
Levinson’s views are outdated; many women lead independent, single lives as long as they wish; the majority of career women and 2SLGBTQ+ people in Canadian cities do not care what others think of their status or living arrangements; many will not live in places where others frown upon their lifestyles
attraction
– Psychological forces that draw people together
Physical appearance is the first key factor in consideration for partners for dates, sex, and long-term relationships, before sensitivity, warmth, and intelligence.
for women
Physical features universally appealing: cleanliness, good complexion, clear eyes, good teeth, good hair, firm muscle tone, and a steady gait
Age and health may be important in women for reproductive capacity.
for men
reproductive value may depend more on how well they can provide for a family (economic status and reliability).
Rules of Attraction
- Symmetry – Good symmetry means an individual can deliver healthy offspring.
- Hips – Good hips indicate good potential to deliver offspring.
Rules of Attraction (cont’d)
- Facial structure – Small and sharp features are attractive and will be transmitted.
- Smell – Females prefer males’ scent over their own.
Attraction–similarity hypothesis
People develop romantic relationships with others who are similar to themselves in attractiveness and other traits.
Opposites do not attract; people in committed relationships are most likely to be similar to their partners in attitude and cultural attributes; partners are like us in race and ethnicity, age, level of education, and religion.
reciprocity
Feelings that are returned due to compliments paid to us; important determinant of attraction; keeps relationships happy and well adjusted
romantic love
State of intense physiological arousal and the cognitive appraisal of that arousal as love
Examples of arousal can be a pounding heart, sweaty palms, and butterflies in the stomach.
The perception of being in love consists of:
1.state of intense arousal that is connected with an appropriate love object
2.cultural setting that idealizes romantic love
3. attribution of arousal to feelings of love toward another person
Sternberg’s (2006) “triangular theory” of love consists of three building blocks:
- Intimacy – The experience of warmth toward another person that arises from feelings of closeness and connectedness, and the desire to share one’s innermost thoughts
- Passion – Intense romantic or sexual desire, accompanied by physiological arousal
3) Commitment – Desire to maintain a relationship through good times and bad
In this theory, couples are well matched if they possess corresponding levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment; different variations of each demonstrate different types of relationships.
consummate love
– Relationship with passion, intimacy, and commitment
romantic love
Has passion and intimacy but lacks commitment
being in love
Refers to states of passion; friendship is based on shared interests, liking, and respect; do not necessarily overlap
companionate love
Long-term relationships and marriages whose passion has ebbed but friendship remains
fatuous love
Relationship with passion and commitment but lacks intimacy; usually dies down when the couple realize they are not well matched
continually having a partner over and over
Many singles practise serial monogamy.
why do people get married?
It meets personal and cultural needs.
It legitimizes sexual relations.
It provides an institution in which children can be supported and socialized.
With marriage, one can assume that the children had within the marriage are theirs.
polyamory
Emerged recently where partners agree to an open sexual relationship with other partners; relationship orientations vary today; community focuses on the importance of acceptance, inclusivity, and equality; polyamoryis legal
monogamy
Traditional marriage; two partners committed to having sexual relations with one person
homogamy
Like marrying like”; these marriages tend to be more stable
Age homogamy – Marry within the same age range, especially for those who marry in early adulthood
