Chapter 13:

Question 1

emerging adulthood

Answer 1

distinct periods of development found in societies that allow young people an extended opportunity to explore

Question 2

when does physical development peak?

Answer 2

in early adulthood and then decides in late adulthood, physical strength peaks in 20s and 30s

Question 3

young adults have a high rate of

Answer 3

obesity, STI’s, asthma, cancer, diabetes, etc.

Question 4

everything peaks when

Answer 4

in your 20s

Question 5

physical development

Answer 5

Fertility decreases as both sexes age; after age 35, pregnant women are checked for Down syndrome and chromosomal abnormalities; older men may contribute to issues as well.

Question 6

adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 6

a mechanism that causes the body to produce less energy when less food is consumed — making losing weight take longer.

Question 7

Substance abuse

Answer 7

Maladaptive pattern of substance use (within a 12-month period) leading to significant impairment or distress in one or more of the following areas:
failure to fulfill work, school, or home obligations

Question 8

substance dependence

Answer 8

having the substance in the body becomes a norm

Question 9

tolerance

Answer 9

The body becomes habituated to a certain amount and needs more to achieve the same effect.

Question 10

abstinence syndrome

Answer 10

Withdrawal symptoms (e.g., physiological reactions) occur when the dosage is lowered.
-seizures, throwing up

Question 11

effects of depressants

Answer 11

Depressants slow the nervous system; they include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (barbiturates and methaqualone).

Question 12

Barbiturates are depressants; they could be used for medical purposes such as relief of pain, anxiety, and tension; people become highly dependent on these.

Answer 12

ok

Question 13

effects of stimulants

Answer 13

Stimulants speed up heartbeat and bodily functions.
Nicotine is the addictive chemical in tobacco; smoking is the leading cause of premature death.
Cocaine increases heart rate, spikes blood pressure, constricts arteries, and thickens blood; combined it can cause cardiovascular and respiratory collapse; overdose can cause restlessness, insomnia, tremors, and death.

Question 14

effects of stimulants contd.

Answer 14

Amphetamines keep users awake for long periods of time and reduce appetite; tolerance develops quickly; methamphetamine is addictive and abuse causes brain damage, and learning and memory problems

Question 15

hallucinogenics

Answer 15

contribute to perceptual distortions or hallucinations; marijuana, ecstasy, LSD, and PCP are hallucinogenics.

Question 16

marijuana

Answer 16

was legalized in Canada in 2018; is usually smoked; it helps users to relax, elevates their mood, increases sensory awareness, can induce visual hallucinations, and impairs perceptual–motor coordination and short-term memory; withdrawal; addictive

Question 17

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 17

Party drug; boost of a stimulant and mild hallucinogenic effect; decreases inhibitions, which can result in risky behaviour such as unprotected sex; impairs working memory, increases anxiety, and can lead to depression

Question 18

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Answer 18

Hallucinogenic drug; high doses can impair coordination and judgment, change mood, and cause paranoid delusions

Question 19

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 19

Pelvic cramps; may be brought on by hormones called prostaglandins (cause muscles in the uterine wall to contract); fluid retention in the pelvic region may cause bloating; 84 percent experience pain during a period; for 43 percent, pain is monthly

Question 20

Amenorrhea

Answer 20

Absence of menstruation and a sign of infertility

Question 21

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Answer 21

Combination of biological and psychological symptoms affecting women during the 4- to 6-day interval preceding menstruation

Question 22

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Answer 22

More severe than PMS and must include five or more symptoms, such as panic attacks, mood swings, binge eating, low energy, lack of interest in relationships, and difficulties sleeping and concentrating

Question 23

Premenstrual symptoms include:

Answer 23

psychological discomfort, muscular tension, aches or pains; cause of PMS may be due to body’s responses to changing levels of hormones; linked with imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA

Question 24

treatment for menstrual problems include:

Answer 24

exercise, dietary control, vitamin supplements, hormone treatments, and medications that reduce anxiety or increase the activity of serotonin

Question 25

types of sexual assault

Answer 25

Sexual assault is defined as any form of sexual activity without a person’s consent (e.g., kissing, touching, threatening, coercing, and stalking).

Question 26

dating violence

Answer 26

A blanket term that involves “common assaults,” such as verbal threats, pushing, and slapping, committed by an individual in an intimate relationship and often leading to injuries

Question 27

sexual harassment

Answer 27

In the workplace, defined as deliberate or repeated unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact
It makes the workplace a hostile environment.
Sexual harassment includes unwelcome sexual jokes, suggestive comments, verbal abuse, outright sexual assault, and threats about one’s job or student status.

Question 28

crystallized intelligence

Answer 28

(represents one’s lifetime of intellectual attainments) increases with age; fluid intelligence (mental flexibility, the ability to process information rapidly) is more likely to decrease with age.

Answer 29

Students move from dualistic thinking (absolute judgments) to a more relativistic thinking (more abstract judgments) to commitment as they mature.