Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

What is puberty?

Question 2

primary sex characteristics

Answer 2

in girls: ovaries, vagina, uterus, etc.
in boys:testes, prostate gland

Question 3

asynchronous growth

Answer 3

different parts of the body grow at mature rates; hand and feet before legs and arms

Question 4

secular trend

Answer 4

children

Question 5

changes in boys

Answer 5

pituitary gland stimulates the testes to increase the output of testosterone, which leads to further development of male genitals

Question 6

changes in girls

Answer 6

pituitary gland signals ovaries to vastly increase estrogen production at puberty

Question 7

menarche

Answer 7

occurs between ages 11 and 14, girls with more body fat sooner menstruation, whereas less body fat longer wait

Question 8

negative side of early-maturing boys

Answer 8

it can increase aggression, abuse of alcohol, etc. but have a higher self esteem

Question 9

early-maturing girls

Answer 9

awkward among their peers, may face sexism or harassment

Question 10

who is more prone to eating disorders

Answer 10

girls

Question 11

anorexia nervosa

Answer 11

life threatening eating disorder characterized by extreme fear of being too heavy, dramatic weight loss, distorted body image
drop 25% or more weight in a year, triggers problem swift endocrine system that could prevent ovulation, and also maybe problems in repository and cardiovascular system

Question 12

anorexia nervosa are at high risk of what ?

Answer 12

they are at risk for premature development of osteoporosis

Question 13

bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

cyclical binge eating and purging after dieting, vomiting, strict dieting or fasting, and a demanding exercise regime

Question 14

what can bulimia nervosa lead to?

Answer 14

leads top irregular menstrual cycle and tends to afflict women during adolescence and young adulthood, associated with depression

Question 15

formal operations stage

Answer 15

includes ability to reason, classify objects and ideas, and engage in logical thought

Question 16

adolescents develop the concept of “what might be”

Answer 16

hypothetical thinking

Question 17

adolescent egocentrism

Answer 17

imaginary audience, placed at centre of fantasies

Question 18

personal fable

Answer 18

belief that one’s thoughts and emotions are unique and special, connected to behaviours such as showing off and risk-taking

Question 19

verbal ability

Answer 19

includes reading, spelling, grammar, oral comprehension and word fluency
girls faster the males

Question 20

visual-spatial abilty

Answer 20

ability to visualize objects or shapes, mentally manipulate and rotate them =, boys by age 8 or 9 outperform girls in visual and spatial ability, du ego sex hormones or environment factors, like boys and legos

Question 21

mathematical ability

Answer 21

no sex difference in math standardized tests

Question 22

Kohlberg: the post conventional level

Answer 22

moral reasoning is based on a persons own moral standards, and is derived from personal values

Question 23

stage 5

Answer 23

Legalistic and contractual; laws stem from agreed-upon procedures, and many rights have great value and should not be violated; 20 percent of adolescents

Question 24

stage 6

Answer 24

Based on universal ethical principles of human life, individual dignity, and reciprocity (behaviour that is consistent with these principles is considered right); 5 percent of adolescents

Question 25

dropouts

Answer 25

Dropouts are more likely to be unemployed and have low incomes; they are more likely to develop delinquency, criminal behaviour, and substance abuse.

Question 26

career development

Answer 26

Career aspirations become more realistic as children mature and gain experience.

Question 27

holland’s career typology

Answer 27

Matches six personality types (realistic, investigative, artistic, socially oriented, enterprising, and conventional) to various careers; some require more sophisticated training and education.

Question 28

pros and cons of adolescent employment

Answer 28

Potential benefits of employment include: developing a sense of responsibility, self-reliance, and discipline; learning to appreciate the value of money and education; acquiring positive work habits and values; enhancing occupational aspirations; there could be a work–school balance