Chapter 13- Translation of mRNA Flashcards
What are the cellular components that play role in the translation?
- Protein
- RNAs
- small molecules
What is the role of proteins in cells?
They are the active participants in cell structure and function.
What is the main function of genetic material?
It encodes the production of cellular proteins.
Who is the scientist that first proposed the relationship between genes and protein production?
Archibald Garrod
How did Garrod discover the relationship?
He studies patients who had defects in their ability to metabolize certain compounds. (Alkaptonuria)
What is Alkaptonuria?
It is a disease characterized by black urine and bluish black discoloration of cartilage and skin.
What was Beadle and Tatum experiment about?
The relation between genes, enzymes and traits. (is it one gene- one enzyme or one gene - multiple enzymes?)
What the term polypeptides denotes for?
It denotes for structure.
What the term protein denotes for?
It denotes for function.
What is codon?
Three nucleotides
Does translation and transcription occur at the same time in Eukaryotes?
NO
Does translation and transcription occur at the same time in prokaryotes?
YES
How many bases is the tRNA sequence?
It is about 90 bases.
What is the A pocket called in ribosome?
aminoacyl site
What is the structure of tRNA composed of?
- Three stem loop structure
- few variable sites
- an acceptor stem with 3 prime single strand region.
What is the enzyme that adds amino acids to tRNA?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
How many Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are there?
There are 20 different ones.`
What molecules are involved in the process of charging tRNA?
- tRNA
- Amino acid
- ATP
What is Ribosomes composed of?
They are composed of RNAs and proteins.
What are the three stages of translation?
- Initiation
- elongation
- Termination.
What is the sequence of the start codon in Eukaryotes?
It is AUG, methionine.
What is the sequence of the start codon in Prokaryotes?
It is AUG with a formyl group.
Does prokaryotes have UTR sequence at the 5 prime end?
No, it doesn’t and therefore it has the formyl group added to the methionine.
Where does mRNA binds to?
It binds to the 30s subunit facilitated by Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
What is the function of Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
It facilitate the binding of mRNA into the 30s subunit.
How does the 30s subunit and the 16s subunit binds to each others?
They are a complementary sequence to each other, they bind through hydrogen bonding.
