Chapter 1- overview of genetics Flashcards
Genome
It is all of the DNA within all of our chromosomes.
How many gene coding does human have?
They have approximately, 22000 gene coding for proteins that perform function of life.
How many DNA base does the human body have?
It has 3 billion DNA base, such as T, C, G, A
Why do we study the human genome?
Because it provides fundamental molecular information about ourselves.
Genetic techniques:
- Mammalian cloning
2. Genetic modification
What is Genetic?
It is a branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation.
What is the classical definition of Gene?
It is the unit of heredity.
What is the molecular level definition of Gene?
It is a segment of the DNA that contains the information which produce functional product.
What are the four main small organic molecules that makes up the larger ones?
- carbohydrates
- Lipids
- nucleic acid
- proteins
what is the molecular organization of a cell?
N. bases (T, C, G, and A) —-> Nucleotide —-> DNA —-> Proteins —-> Chromosomes ( which is found in the nucleus)
What are the different type/ functions of proteins?
- structural proteins
- surface receptors
- Enzymes
- Transport protein
What makes up polypeptides?
Polypeptides are made from sequence of amino acids.
What makes up proteins?
Protein are made from sequence of polypeptides
What is proteome?
All of the protein that a cell makes at a given time.
What is the function of ACE receptor?
- It control blood pressure
2. It prevents organs damage.
What is the process that access the information within DNA?
It is called gene expression, and it includes transcription and translation
What are the different type of traits?
- Morphological traits
- Behavioral traits
- physiological traits
What are the four level of gene/ traits relation?
- molecular level (gene expression)
- cellular level ( protein function)
- organismal level (Traits are often observed)
- population level
What is genetic variation?
It refers to differences in inherited traits among individuals within a population.
What is morph?
It is variation of traits in individuals of the same species.
What are the reasons of genetic variations?
- genetic mutation
- changes in chromosomes structure
- changes in chromosomes number
What are the three field of genetics?
- transmission genetic
- molecular genetic
- population genetic
