Chapter 13: The Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
Produce, maintain, and transport sperm to fertilize the female egg, and develop/maintain male secondary sex characteristics.
Define gamete:
Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) that contains 1/2 the chromosomes required to produce an offspring in a species.
Define libido:
Psychological and physical drive for sexual activity.
Define semen:
Fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the reproductive system; also called seminal fluid.
Define sphincter:
Ring-like muscle that opens and closes a body opening to allow or resist passage through the structure.
Define testosterone:
Androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate. Also responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics (musculature, hair pattern, thickened vocal cords, etc.)
What is the primary male sex organ?
Testes
Tell me about the scrotum:
External sac lying behind and below the penis that contains the testes.
What are the seminiferous tubules?
Numerous small tubes that twist and coil inside the testes; these produce sperm.
What is the epididymis?
Slightly coiled tube that sits superiorly on each teste. These store sperm after they leave the seminiferous tubules. During ejaculation, these contract to propel the sperm into the vas deferens.
What is the vas deferens?
Also known as the seminal duct or the ductus deferens; this is a narrow tube that extends in to the inguinal area and the abdominal cavity. It extends over the top and down the posterior surface of the bladder.
What is the seminal vesicle?
Contains nutrients that support sperm viability and produces ~60% of semen that’s ejaculated during coitus; joins the vas deferens at its end.
What is the ejaculatory duct?
The union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle; joins the urethra as it passes at an angle through the prostate gland.
What is the prostate gland?
Triple-lobed organ fused to the base of the bladder in males. Secretes a thin, alkaline substance that accounts for ~30% of seminal fluid to protect sperm.
What are the bulbourethral (Cowper) glands?
2 pea-shaped structures located below the prostate and are connected by a small duct to the urethra. These provide additional alkaline fluid to protect sperm viability.
What is the penis?
The penis is the male organ of copulation and is composed of erectile tissue that becomes rigid upon sexual arousal; also encloses the urethra.
What is the glans penis?
Enlarged tip of the penis; covers a number of highly sensitive nerve endings.
What is the urethral orifice (meatus)?
Hole at the tip of the glans penis through which urine and semen exit the body.
What is the prepuce (foreskin)?
Moveable hood of the skin that covers the glans penis; may be removed at birth due to religious or cosmetic reasons.
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
crypt/o
hidden
epididym/o
epididymis
genit/o
genitalia
gonad/o
gonads; sex glands
gon/o
seed (ovum or spermatozoon)
olig/o
scanty
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testis (plural testes)
perine/o
perineum
prostat/o
prostate gland
spermat/o
sperm/o
spermatozoa (sperm cells)
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
-cide
killing
-genesis
forming, producing, origin
-ism
condition
-spadias
slit, fissure
brachy-
short
epi-
above, upon
What is urology?
The branch of medicine concerned with the male reproductive system and urinary disorders of males and females.
What is a urologist?
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary disorders.
What is the term for any contagious disease acquired during sexual activity with an infected partner that may lead to reproductive problems?
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI); also called a sexually transmitted disease (STD)