Chapter 13: Quasi Experiments & Small - N Designs

Question 1

Quasi - Experiment

Answer 1

• A study similar to an experiment except the researchers do not have full experimental control
• Without random assignment (as random assignment can be unethical/impractical/impossible)
• Need to be cautious when making causal claims

Question 2

Types of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Nonequivalent Control Group Posttest - Only Design

Answer 2

• Has at least one treatment group and one comparison group
• Participants have not been randomly assigned to two groups
• There are different participants at each level of the IV

Question 3

Types of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest/Posttest Design

Question 4

Types of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Interrupted Time - Series Design

Answer 4

• Has no comparison group
• Measures participants repeatedly on a dependant variable before, during and after the experiment

Question 5

Types of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Nonequivalent Control Group Interrupted Time Series Design

Answer 5

• Independent variables studied as both a repeated measures variable and an independent group bariale
• Have no experimental control over either IV

Question 6

Balancing Priorities in Quasi - Experiments

Answer 6

1. Real - World Opportunties
2. External Validity
3. Ethics
4. Constructs Validity and Statistical Validity in Quasi - Experiments

Question 7

Large - N Designs

Answer 7

1. Participants are grouped
2. Data are represented as group averages
3. Large samples enable gourp averages to be estimated more precisely
4. These studies are used for both basic and applied research

Question 8

Small - N Designs

Answer 8

1. Each participants is treated separtely
2. Data for each individula are presented
3. Careful designs enable us to compare each individual during treatment periods and control periods
4. These designs are often used in theraputic settings, to confirm that a treatment works for an individual person

Question 9

Stable - Baseline Designs

Answer 9

• Is study in which a practitioner or researcher observes behavior for an extended baseline period before beginning a treatment or other intervention
• If behavior during the baseline is stable, the researcher is more certain of the treatments effectiveness

Question 10

Multiple - Baseline Designs

Answer 10

Researcher stagger the introduction of an intervention across a variety of individuals, times, or situations to rule out alternative explanations

Question 11

Reversal Designs

Answer 11

• A researcher observes a problem behavior both with and without treatment away for a while to see whether the problem behavior returns
• They subsequently reintroduce the treatment to see if the behavior improves again