Chapter 13: Plant Systems and Homeostasis

Question 1

germination

Answer 1

the process by which the plant embryo emerges from the seed

Question 2

geotropism

Answer 2

growth in response to gravity (the plant grows downwards first)

Question 3

coleoptile

Answer 3

a protective sheath that covers the meristem of young monocots; the first part of a monocot to emerge from the ground during germination

Question 4

sap

Answer 4

a fluid containing sucrose, some minerals, and organic molecules that is transported through plants

Question 5

apical meristem

Answer 5

a region of embryonic, undifferentiated cells that actively divide allowing the plant to grow in length

Question 6

suberin

Answer 6

a waxy, waterproof substance found in plants

Question 7

vascular ray

Answer 7

channels materials from the phloem to the center of the stem

Question 8

bark

Answer 8

the layer of a dicot stem consisting of phloem, cork cambium, and cork

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 10

behavior

Answer 10

responding to a stimulus

Question 11

thigmotropism

Answer 11

directional growth in response to physical contact

Question 12

phototropism

Answer 12

growth towards light

Question 13

gravitropism/geotropism

Answer 13

growth in response to gravity

Question 14

signal-transduction

Answer 14

a method of generating a cellular response by means of a chemical or physical stimulus

Question 15

auxin

Answer 15

a group of plant hormones involved in cell elongation and plant growth

Question 16

circadian rhythm

Answer 16

a physiological cycle, about 24 hours in length, that is present in all eukaryotes

Question 17

photoperiodism

Answer 17

a physiological response to day length

Question 18

behavior

Answer 18

response to a stimulus

Question 19

transpiration

Answer 19

the loss of water through evaporation from a leaf

Question 20

plasmodesmata

Answer 20

open channels in plant cell walls connecting adjacent channels together

Question 21

hyphae

Answer 21

thin, hairlike filaments that form the body of a fungus

Question 22

hypertonic

Answer 22

a solution with a higher concentration of solute than another