Chapter 13- Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

The epineurium is the connective tissue that surrounds the_________.

Answer 1

nerve

Question 2

The connective tissue layer covers the fasicle.

Answer 2

Perineurium

Question 3

The endoneurium is the connective tissue that covers the________.

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

This cranial nerve is a sensory nerve important in olfaction.

Answer 4

Cranial nerve I, olfactory nerve

Question 5

This cranial nerve is a motor nerve serving the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders.

Answer 5

Cranial nerve XI, accessory nerve

Question 6

This cranial nerve has mixed fibers serving the pharynx, salivary gland, and posterior of the tongue. The sensory fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the same areas.

Answer 6

Cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 7

Cranial nerve of mixed fibers serving the visceral organs and providing parasympathetic regulation of visceral organs.

Answer 7

Cranial nerve X, vagus nerve

Question 8

Mostly sensory cranial nerve important in hearing and equilibrium.

Answer 8

Cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 9

A cranial nerve with mainly motor fibers serving the muscles of the tongue.

Answer 9

Cranial XII, hypoglossal nerve

Question 10

This cranial nerve is purely sensory for vision.

Answer 10

Cranial II, optic nerve

Question 11

This cranial nerve is mainly motor fibers serving the muscles of the eye.

Answer 11

Cranial III, oculomotor nerve

Question 12

This cranial nerve is mainly motor fibers serving the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

Answer 12

Cranial IV, trochlear nerve

Question 13

This cranial nerve consists mainly of motor fibers serving the lateral rectus eye muscle.

Answer 13

Cranial VI, abducens nerve

Question 14

A cranial nerve with mixed fibers serving the muscles of the face (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, etc), and convey sensory impulses from taste buds.

Answer 14

Cranial VII, facial nerve

Question 15

A cranial nerve with mixed fibers with motor fibers serving the muscles of mastication and convey sensory fibers from the same area.

Answer 15

Cranial V, trigeminal nerve

Question 16

There are 31 pairs of these nerves that serve the entire body except for the head and part of the neck. These nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers.

Answer 16

Spinal nerves

Question 17

What is the name given to spinal nerve rami that innervate a specific region of the body?

Answer 17

Nerve plexus- consists of both dorsal and ventral rami

Question 18

What are the 3 branches of a spinal nerve?

Answer 18

Dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and meningeal ramus (the latter returns back into the spinal cord and innervates the meninges)

Question 19

This plexus serves the head, neck, and upper trunk and consists of two important nerves- the cutaneous nerves and the phrenic nerves .

Answer 19

Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

Question 20

If the_________ nerve is severed, you will die from asphyxiation since it serves the diaphragm and is vital for respiration.

Answer 20

phrenic

Question 21

The _______ nerve serves the skin of the neck, ear, back of head, and shoulders.

Answer 21

cutaneous

Question 22

The brachial plexus (C5-T1)consists of nerves serving the arms and is broken into 5 sections- name those 5. Tip: Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer

Answer 22

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, & Branches

Question 23

What is the importance of the branching of a nerve plexus?

Answer 23

Multiple pathways protect us in case one branch is damaged, we have alternative pathways for innervation.

Question 24

The nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor. Clue: smaller, posterior nerve from our lab practical.

Answer 24

Axillary nerve

Question 25

This nerve serves our triceps brachii, extensor muscles in the forearm and our supinators.

Answer 25

Radial nerve

Question 26

The flexor muscles of the forearm, wrist & fingers are innervated by the _________ nerve.

Answer 26

Ulnar

Question 27

The ____________ nerve innervates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis.

Answer 27

Musculocutaneous

Question 28

The __________ nerve innervates forearm pronators and muscles for thumb opposition.

Answer 28

Median

Question 29

This plexus consists of the femoral nerve (innervates quads, skin of interior thigh, and medial surface of leg) and the obturator nerve (serves adductor muscles).

Answer 29

Lumbar (L1-L4) plexus

Question 30

The glutes, lower limb, and pelvic structures are innervated by the _______ plexus.

Answer 30

Sacral (S1-S4)

Question 31

The longest and largest nerve in the body which serves the hamstring, adductor magnus, and most of the muscles of the leg and foot.

Answer 31

Sciatic nerve

Question 32

Your butt might get saggy if these nerves are damaged…

Answer 32

Gluteal nerves

Question 33

A reflex is an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus without conscious thought. There are those that are ______ and those that are learned from practice & repetition.

Answer 33

Inborn (intrinsic)- eg maintain posture, control of visceral activities. These are rapid, involuntary, and predictable responses to a stimulus.

Question 34

A standard reflex arc begins at a receptor, then passes through a _______ neuron, is processed at an integration center, and a response is sent out through a ______ neuron to an effector organ.

Answer 34

sensory, motor

Question 35

This reflex occurs when a stretch receptor sends a signal to the integration center, which in turn send out two signals, one causing the agonist to contract and one causing the antagonist to be inhibited (reciprocal inhibition) from contracting.

Answer 35

Stretch reflex (eg is patellar tendon knee jerk test

Question 36

Similar to the stretch reflex, this reflex is caused when a muscle (quad) strongly contracts and needs to be relaxed to avoid damage to the tendon. In this case, the effect is to relax the agonist and contract the antagonist muscle (hamstring).

Answer 36

Golgi tendon reflex

Question 37

This reflex is usually caused by a painful stimulus which initiates the flexor to withdraw from the stimulus, while sending a signal across the spinal cord to the other side of the body causing the opposite limb extensors to be excited and flexors inhibited.

Answer 37

flexor & crossed extensor reflex.

Question 38

Regeneration of nerves does not occur in which system- CNS or PNS?

Answer 38

CNS

Question 39

During axon regeneration, which two types of cells form a positive feedback loop?

Answer 39

Schwann cells and macrophages. Schwann cells engulf the myelin sheath & release chemicals to recruit macrophages. Macrophages in turn clean up cell fragments and release chemicals that stimulate Schwann cells to divide.