Chapter 13: Peer Influences Flashcards

Question

similarities that help children choose their friends: negative mood

Answer 1

Depressed kids stick together Misery loves company

Answer 2

Display a preference for some children over others

Answer 3

Initiate more interactions with some children than others parallel play imitation

Answer 4

Can make and maintain friendships with peers Mostly have at least one friendship Can identify their best friends begin to prefer playing with same-gender peers and this preference continues through middle childhood

Answer 5

children who are friends communicate more often with one another and cooperate and work together more effectively than do nonfriends more opportunities for conflict, but will be better at solving conflict with friends compared to random peers

Answer 6

children define friendship primarily on the basis of actual activities with their peers tend to define “best friends” as peers with whom they play all the time and share everything

Answer 7

children increasingly define their friendships in terms of characteristics such as companionship, similarity in attitudes/interests, acceptance, trust, genuineness, mutual admiration, and loyalty Friends are those peers who take care of one another’s physical and material needs, provide general assistance and help with schoolwork, reduce loneliness, and share feelings. friend is someone who you can turn to when you need help

Answer 8

friendships become an increasingly important source of intimacy and self-disclosure, as well as a source of honest feedback. More exclusive with just a few close friends Friendships can become less stable

Answer 9

greater anonymity less emphasis on physical appearance more control over interactions finding similar peers 24/7 access it's fun

Answer 10

Leads children to reduce their social inhibitions, which, particularly for temperamentally shy children, could help them interact with others online.

Answer 11

when conversation is conducted through typing or audio allows children to connect with others based on their shared interests and their personalities rather than on their appearance

Answer 12

because they can control when, how, and with whom they connect, leads children to feel they are in charge of their social lives.

Answer 13

much easier in the Internet age than in the past, which allows children to connect with others who share their interests, thereby increasing their sense of belongingness and well-being.

Answer 14

children can connect with friends and peers throughout their day. The downside is that such ubiquitous access can also interfere with school and sleep.

Answer 15

rich get richer hypothesis social compensation hypothesis

Answer 16

proposes that those children who already have good social skills benefit from the Internet and related forms of technology when it comes to developing friendships

Answer 17

argues that social media may be especially beneficial for lonely, depressed, and socially anxious adolescents can better craft messages for children who have poor social skills or are anxious online friends can become real/in person friends

Answer 18

argues that adolescents adapt their behaviours based on peer influences peers lead an individual adolescent to change their behaviour

Answer 19

such as excluding others from the group, withholding friendship to inflict harm, and spreading rumors to ruin a peer’s reputation. Unlike physical aggression, which harms the child physically and perhaps emotionally, relational aggression is aimed at damaging the child’s peer relationships. particularly common amongst popular children and adolescents more common amongst children and adolescents whose parents do not monitor their activities and who have friends or siblings who engage in problem behaviours

Answer 20

posits that these behavioural similarities exist because adolescents actively choose friends who engage in the same behaviours that they do

Answer 21

A group-based measurement of how much children are liked or disliked by their peers ---Looking at responses all together The degree to which a child is liked or disliked by their peers combination of preference and impact 5 different statuses of social groups Predictive of behaviours later on

Answer 22

How well liked or accepted child is by their classmates

Answer 23

Do classmates know and care who you are

Answer 24

popular average controversial neglected rejected

Answer 25

Middle of the road on preference and impact Some like them, some don’t Most likely to stay the same over time

Answer 26

High impact High preference Children are designated as popular if they are rated by their peers as being highly liked and accepted and highly impactful Good social skills, don’t cause conflict, but may be high on aggression/ forcefulness when trying to win people over Score higher on excluding people Highly accepted, but not necessarily highly liked Status doesn’t change over time 3 central factors that influence popularity in groups ---Attractiveness ---Athleticism ---having popular friends

Answer 27

High impact average preference They are noticed by peers and are liked by quite a few children and disliked by quite a few others. Think class clown Mix of popular and rejected characteristic s Tend to acquire a different status over time

Answer 28

low in social impact—that is, if they receive few positive or negative ratings. not especially liked or disliked by peers; they simply go unnoticed. May have good social skills, but kids with bigger personalities are taking everyones attention May move around between groups Likely to acquire a different status over time

Answer 29

Children are designated as rejected if they are low in acceptance and preference and high in rejection but also high in impact. People notice them Thinks everyone is out to get them More depressed and anxious Status stays the same, more stable than popular, neglected, or controversial children More likely to have “getting even” and “showing them up” behaviours Less developed theory of mind, which causes difficulty in understanding others’ feelings and behaviours 2 types/ subgroups: Aggressive ---Rejected because they are physically aggressive/ disruptive ---Other kids don’t feel safe around them ---Hostile, bullies, threatening ---Were they rejected because they are aggressive, or are they aggressive because they’ve been rejected? ---50% Withdrawn ---Shy, timid, socially awkward ---Often bullied ---The more you are withdrawn, the more you get rejected, but the more you get rejected, the more withdrawn you become ---10-25%

Answer 30

Create opportunities Monitoring Coaching

Answer 31

Set up playdates Sign kids up for activities Banning kids from seeing kids seen as bad influences

Answer 32

More when preteen or teen Parents want to know who and where they are hanging out with High monitoring creates sneaky teens who engage in more drug and drinking behaviours

Answer 33

Emotional coaching Coaching child to help them make friends Help develop friend making strategies Help kids maintain friendships