Chapter 13 MCQ Flashcards
Monads were defined as ____.
A)the sexual organs of humans
B)unextended psychic entities
C)extended physical realities
D)individual elements of all reality,similar to perceptions
E)components of the unconscious
D)individual elements of all reality,similar to perceptions
Wundt’s system dealt only with consciousness because ____.
A)the unconscious has only one element (feelings)
B)the unconscious cannot be reduced to basic elements
C)the unconscious cannot be introspected
D)the a priori knowledge of the unconscious cannot be distinguished from empirical knowledge
E)he posited that the unconscious is a pseudo-problem
C)the unconscious cannot be introspected
The creator of monadology was ____.
A)Kant
B)Leibnitz
C)La Mettrie
D)Watson
E)Aristotle
B)Leibnitz
At the time of Freud’s death,the dominant form of American psychology was ____.
A)functionalism
B)behaviorism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)humanistic psychology
E)cognitive psychology
B)behaviorism
According to Freud,the “third shock” to the collective human ego was the realization ____.
A)that humans are not the rational commanders of their lives
B)of id forces
C)of conscious forces of behavior
D)that laws of association predict human behavior
E)that psychoanalysis is the only way to resolve mental illness
A)that humans are not the rational commanders of their lives
A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ____.
A)dynamic psychology
B)childhood influences on later behavior
C)a central organizing mechanism as a determinant of behavior
D)the unconscious
E)sex as the only motive or drive
D)the unconscious
The primary method of psychoanalysis was ____.
A)the experimental method
B)systematic experimental introspection
C)psychosynthesis
D)clinical observation
E)extirpation of the unconscious
D)clinical observation
A basic difference between psychoanalysis and the other systems of psychology was that ____.
A)the other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science
B)psychoanalysis had only consciousness as its subject matter
C)psychoanalysis did not hypothesize physical or physiological referents
D)the other systems were not grounded in a natural science
E)psychoanalysis came from Germany
A)the other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science
Freud claimed that his discovery was ____.
A)the unconscious mind
B)a way to scientifically study the unconscious mind
C)the importance of aggression
D)the importance of early childhood experiences
E)All of the choices are correct.
B)a way to scientifically study the unconscious mind
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The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg,with its bulk hidden from view (unconscious),is attributed to ____.
A)Leibnitz
B)Herbart
C)Darwin
D)Fechner
E)Freud
D)Fechner
“Little perceptions” were ____.
A)apperceived
B)below consciousness
C)just noticeable differences
D)absolute thresholds
E)subtle impulses
B)below consciousness
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The concept of threshold of consciousness is attributed to ____.
A)Leibnitz
B)Herbart
C)Weber
D)Fechner
E)Freud
B)Herbart
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The spirit of mechanism in relation to the treatment of mental illness portrayed mentally ill persons as ____.
A)merely needing to be repaired
B)”having a screw loose”
C)defective
D)possessed by evil spirits
E)needing a religious conversion to Christianity
A)merely needing to be repaired
“A new movement requires something to revolt against”;Freud opposed the current trends in ____.
A)philosophy
B)psychophysics
C)behavioral psychology
D)applied psychology
E)the treatment of mental disorders
E)the treatment of mental disorders
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By the era of Freud’s medical training,the dominant view in psychiatry about the cause of mental illness was ____.
A)psychic determinism
B)psychic mechanism
C)psychophysiological
D)psychosomatic
E)somatic
E)somatic
The psychic approach to mental illness was encouraged in the U.S.by ____.
A)medical doctors
B)the Red Cross
C)Emmanuel Church Healing movement
D)the Ecumenical Council of Churches
E)None of the choices are correct.
C)Emmanuel Church Healing movement
The notion of the pleasure principle was borrowed by Freud from ____.
A)Aristotle
B)Watson
C)Leibnitz
D)Darwin
E)Fechner
E)Fechner
By the 18th century,abnormal behavior was deemed to be ____.
A)punishment for sin
B)due to cognitive defects
C)natural phenomena
D)irrational behavior
E)wholly physical
D)irrational behavior
For Herbart,like James Mill,ideas influence one another ____.
A)mechanically
B)chemically
C)physically
D)physiologically
E)above the absolute threshold
A)mechanically
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According to Herbart,if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas,the new idea will be ____.
A)remembered
B)forgotten
C)denied
D)inhibited
E)rationalized
D)inhibited
Which of the following is an original idea created by Freud,and not his predecessors?
A)hypnosis
B)the unconscious
C)the mind as an iceberg
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.
E)None of the above.
Freud’s infamous use of cocaine ____.
A)has been exaggerated
B)was limited to the period in which he published on its utility in medicine
C)extended to middle age
D)was limited to his research trips to Paris in his early career
E)both has been exaggerated and was limited to the period in which he published on its utility in medicine
C)extended to middle age
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Currently known data fragments indicate that Freud was first apprised of the role of sexuality in hysterical symptoms by ____.
A)Charcot
B)Breuer
C)Brücke
D)Krafft-Ebing
E)Janet
A)Charcot
Charcot and Janet had practiced ____ prior to Freud’s work on the same idea.
A)infantile sexuality
B)libido
C)catharsis
D)hypnosis
E)All of the choices are correct.
D)hypnosis
Freud’s self-analysis was precipitated by ____.
A)his sexual affairs outside of his marriage
B)the worsening of his own neurotic symptoms
C)the death of his father
D)the death of his daughter
E)his being abandoned by Jung,Adler,and other important dissidents
B)the worsening of his own neurotic symptoms
Freud’s early research was in ____.
A)biology and physiology
B)medicine and philosophy
C)neurology and psychiatry
D)medicine and psychophysics
E)medicine and hypnosis
A)biology and physiology
The concept of childhood sexuality can be traced to ____.
A)Aristotle
B)Romanes
C)Darwin
D)Patze
E)All except Aristotle
E)All except Aristotle
The beginning of psychoanalysis is considered to be indicated by the publication of ____.
A)Studies on Hysteria
B)The Interpretation of Dreams
C)The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
D)Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
E)the Freud-Fliess letters
A)Studies on Hysteria
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In common with functionalism and behaviorism,psychoanalysis bears the influences of ____.
A)mechanism
B)determinism
C)Fechner’s work
D)Darwin’s theory
E)All of the choices are correct.
E)All of the choices are correct.
In the case of Anna O. ,the recollections she revealed while under hypnosis involved ____.
A)ideas or experiences she found disgusting
B)a positive transference
C)the exacerbation of her conversion symptoms
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.
A)ideas or experiences she found disgusting
The goal of Freud’s therapies was to ____.
A)investigate the “false memory” syndrome
B)determine the incidence and prevalence of childhood sexual experiences in adult psychiatric patients
C)refine the techniques of free association and dream analysis
D)make the unconscious conscious
E)All of the choices are correct.
D)make the unconscious conscious
Freud’s use of hypnosis was a direct consequence of ____.
A)the case of Anna O
B)his association with Breuer
C)a research grant to study with Charcot
D)his training with Brücke
E)his association with Breuer and a research grant to study with Charcot
E)his association with Breuer and a research grant to study with Charcot
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Which of the following topics had already been discussed before Freud?
A)infantile sexuality
B)libido
C)catharsis
D)the importance of dreams
E)All of the choices are correct.
E)All of the choices are correct.
Freud argued that whether an event happened in childhood ____.
A)is irrelevant
B)must be determined
C)is not the determinant of neuroses in adults
D)is less important than the patient’s belief that it occurred
E)can be determined only by hypnotherapy
D)is less important than the patient’s belief that it occurred
Freud’s interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading of ____.
A)Helmholtz
B)G.E.Müller
C)Darwin
D)Fechner
E)Charcot
C)Darwin
Freud proposed that neurotic behavior did not develop in persons who ____.
A)had never been seduced
B)led a normal sex life
C)experienced the seduction trauma before the phallic stage
D)experienced the seduction trauma before the superego emerged
E)were raised by sexually open and permissive parents
B)led a normal sex life
A major theme of Freud’s system,borrowed from Darwin,was the ____.
A)importance of the sex drive throughout life
B)recapitulation theory
C)notion that sexual gratification was the only human instinct
D)variability hypothesis
E)physical inferiority of females
A)importance of the sex drive throughout life
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Freud conceived of Instinkts as ____.
A)fundamental drives
B)unique to animals
C)libidinal
D)defined in Darwin’s Origin of Species
E)defined by Romanes
B)unique to animals
At the conclusion of his Clark University lecture,Freud stated that “hysterical patients suffer from ____.”
A)seduction traumas
B)hysterical symptoms
C)regression to infantile sexuality
D)reminiscences
E)psychic innovations
D)reminiscences
During his Clark University lecture,Freud proposed that psychic traumas are ____.
A)the result of the child’s witnessing the primal scene
B)”the royal road to the unconscious”
C)affect-laden events
D)solely the result of seduction in early childhood
E)All of the choices are correct.
C)affect-laden events
Freud proposed that ____.
A)dreams result from something in the patient’s conscious mind
B)nothing in a dream is without a cause
C)dreams were a rich source of intellectual but not emotional material
D)dreams could be completely without meaning
E)dreams were unrelated to the underlying causes of a disturbance
B)nothing in a dream is without a cause
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Freud found that the free association method ____.
A)operated freely
B)did not always operate freely because of resistance
C)was identical with dream analysis
D)required catharsis of strangulated affect
E)did not occur during countertransference
B)did not always operate freely because of resistance
As a result of Freud’s analysis of his own dreams,he recognized ____.
A)sexual longings toward his mother
B)sexual wishes toward his daughter
C)the outlines of the Oedipus complex
D)hostility toward his father
E)All of the choices are correct.
E)All of the choices are correct.
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In the material presented at Clark University,Freud said that while hypnotized,Anna O.____.
A)described the mental images that controlled her thoughts
B)developed new symptoms to replace the old ones
C)recalled repugnant details of her dreams
D)was able to describe the sources of her slips of the tongue
E)could describe her dreams with remarkable clarity
A)described the mental images that controlled her thoughts
Freud’s major work is considered to be ____.
A)Studies on Hysteria
B)The Interpretation of Dreams
C)The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
D)Three /Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
E)The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense
B)The Interpretation of Dreams
____ is an unconscious inability to bring into conscious awareness memories that are too shameful or painful to be faced.
A)resistance
B)recession
C)rationalization
D)regression
E)projection
A)resistance
Freud’s overriding goal was to ____.
A)avoid practicing medicine
B)have an academic research career
C)describe and explain the dynamics of human behavior
D)discover and develop an effective treatment methodology
E)analyze and overcome his own neuroses
C)describe and explain the dynamics of human behavior
____ is the process of forcefully ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas,memories,and desires.
A)Reciprocity
B)Repression
C)Rationalization
D)Regression
E)Projection
B)Repression
Psychoanalysis was eradicated in Germany by ____.
A)the Wundtians and Gestalt psychologists alike
B)the Nazi party
C)Adler and Jung,the dissidents of Freud
D)the blitz at the hands of the Allies in World War II
E)Freud’s move to London
B)the Nazi party
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Freud underwent a vasectomy ____.
A)because he found sex so repulsive
B)as part of a cancer treatment
C)as a result of his self-analysis
D)as part of a mid-life crisis
E)both because he found sex so repulsive and as a result of his self-analysis
B)as part of a cancer treatment
Freud’s investigative approach was ____.
A)experimental
B)to consider evidence as he alone interpreted it
C)to present evidence to his disciples for joint analysis and consensus of interpretation
D)reliable,despite its flaws
E)valid,despite its flaws
B)to consider evidence as he alone interpreted it
Freud died as the result of ____.
A)pernicious anemia
B)cancer
C)cocaine abuse
D)a morphine overdose
E)congestive heart failure,undetected because of the focus on his cancer
D)a morphine overdose
According to Freud in his first lecture at Clark University,psychoanalysis originated with ____.
A)himself
B)Fechner
C)Breuer
D)Kant and Leibnitz
E)the British associationists
C)Breuer
The response of scientific psychology to psychoanalysis by the 1950s and 1960s was to ____.
A)submit Freud’s notions to observation
B)continue to rail against the concept of “unconscious”
C)bar it from discourse at the most prestigious universities
D)reframe Freud’s concepts in behavioral terms
E)totally absorb Freud into the mainstream and remove the menace psychoanalysis posed
D)reframe Freud’s concepts in behavioral terms
Fear of being the victim of a violent crime while visiting a gang-infested area in the United States is an example of ____.
A)libido
B)thanatos
C)neurotic anxiety
D)moral anxiety
E)objective anxiety
E)objective anxiety
Freud’s view of instincts is that they are ____.
A)overrated
B)inherited predispositions
C)innate behaviors
D)grouped into three general categories
E)sources of stimulation and motivation within the body
E)sources of stimulation and motivation within the body
Experimental research on Freudian theory has shown that ____.
A)some of his concepts are testable by the methods of science
B)some support for unconscious influences
C)evidence for some Freudian concepts
D)some concepts have resisted attempts at scientific validation
E)All of the choices are correct.
E)All of the choices are correct.
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Freud proposed that the aim of psychology was to ____.
A)describe human behavior
B)represent mental processes as quantitatively determined states
C)adhere to a strict mechanistic approach
D)eventually apply the methods of experimentation to his system of psychoanalysis
E)Mechanism and Determinism in Freud’s System
B)represent mental processes as quantitatively determined states
The Oedipal conflict occurs during the ____ stage of development.
A)anal
B)genital
C)phallic
D)oral
E)latency
C)phallic
In his system of personality,Freud replaced the conscious/unconscious distinction with the concept of ____.
A)soul
B)petites perceptions
C)monads
D)id,ego,and superego
E)the pleasure principle
D)id,ego,and superego
According to Freud,the biological,need-related part of everyone’s personality is the ____.
A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)ego-ideal
E)conscience
A)id
Freud’s position on reductionism was that ____.
A)it obscures the dynamics of the personality
B)it obscures the source of the psychic traumas
C)all phenomena can be reduced to the principles of psychology
D)all phenomena can be reduced to the principles of physics
E)it destroys the Gestalt whole
D)all phenomena can be reduced to the principles of physics
In Freud’s system,personality development is built on the ____.
A)psychosexual stages
B)adequacy of the defense mechanisms
C)efficacy of the ego
D)reality principle
E)resolution of the phallic stage
A)psychosexual stages
By the 1930s and 1940s,psychoanalysis ____.
A)as a whole was generally ignored by academic psychology
B)was seen as a threat to the stature and dominance of behaviorism
C)was perceived by American academics to be a variation of Gestalt psychology
D)was wholeheartedly embraced by the American public
E)as both a domain of study and as a therapy was confined to Germany
D)was wholeheartedly embraced by the American public
