Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

define arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

when an artery becomes hard from calcification

Question 2

define atherosclerosis

Answer 2

fatty deposits built up in the lining of an artery

Question 3

define CAD

Answer 3

coronary artery disease

Question 4

What are the layers of the blood vessel wall

Answer 4

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

Question 5

What type of tissues composes the tunica adventitia

Answer 5

dense connective tissues

Question 6

what type of tissue composes the tunica media

Answer 6

smooth muscle, elastic and collagen

Question 7

what type of tissue composes the tunica intima

Answer 7

simple squamous endothelium

Question 8

What layers of blood vessel walls are absent in capillaries

Answer 8

tunica adventitia and tunica media

Question 9

Arteries branch into

Answer 9

arterioles

Question 10

tissue perfusion is another term for

Answer 10

tissue blood flow

Question 11

vasoconstriction causes a _________ in blood flow to a tissue

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

vasodilation causes a ________ in blood flow to a tissue

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

what is autoregulation

Answer 13

local control of blood flow

Question 14

precapillary sphincters open when

Answer 14

tissues need nutrients, O2

Question 15

precapillary sphincter close when tissues are

Answer 15

less metabolically active

Question 16

relaxation and contraction cycles are part of ________

Answer 16

vasomotion

Question 17

how would your precapillary sphincters respond if you have low oxygen, low pH, low nutrients, and high carbon dioxide

Answer 17

they would open

Question 18

What happens to the BP on the arterial end of the capillary compared to the BP on the venule end

Answer 18

BP drops when moving from arteries to venules

Question 19

capillaries come together to form _______

Answer 19

venules

Question 20

veins _______ blood to the heart

Answer 20

return

Question 21

medium sized veins contain

Answer 21

valves

Question 22

define varicose veins

Answer 22

caused by weak or damaged valves, veins are blue and squiggly

Question 23

Veins have a ________ media tunic compared to arteries

Answer 23

thinner

Question 24

veins have a ________ lumen compared to arteries

Answer 24

larger

Question 25

veins have ________ blood and osmotic pressures compared to arteries

Answer 25

lower

Question 26

veins are a ______ reservoir

Answer 26

blood

Question 27

What are four mechanisms that improve venous blood flow

Answer 27

skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, valves, and venoconstriction

Question 28

the _______ you are from the heart, the ________ the blood pressure

Answer 28

farther; lower

Question 29

Arterial blood pressure is produce primarily by

Answer 29

heart action

Question 30

systolic pressure is when

Answer 30

the heart is contracting

Question 31

diastolic pressure is when

Answer 31

the heart is relaxing

Question 32

define blood pressure

Answer 32

the measure of force the blood exerts against the blood vessel walls

Question 33

define peripheral resistance

Answer 33

the resistance to flow in the arterial system

Question 34

Changes in PR are primarily due to changes in the ______ of the arteries

Answer 34

diameter

Question 35

Resistance is affected by

Answer 35

blood viscosity

Question 36

what Is the relationship between blood pressure and peripheral resistance

Answer 36

direct

Question 37

Where is the vasomotor center

Answer 37

the sympathetic division

Question 38

what does the vasomotor center control

Answer 38

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 39

The vasomoter center is ________ when blood pressure is _____

Answer 39

stimulated; low

Question 40

the stimulation of the vasomotor center results in

Answer 40

increased vasoconstriction; more norepinephrine

Question 41

The vasomotor center is _____ when blood pressure is ______

Answer 41

inhibited; high

Question 42

the inhibition of the vasomotor center results in

Answer 42

vasodilation; less norepinephrine

Question 43

What division of the ANS controls the diameter of blood vessels

Answer 43

sympathetic division

Question 44

an ______ in the release of norepinephrine results in _________

Answer 44

increase; vasoconstriction

Question 45

a _________ in the release of norepinephrine results in ________

Answer 45

decrease; vasodilation

Question 46

on what layer of the blood vessel wall is NE released to produce the above effects

Answer 46

tunica media; which is made of smooth muscle