Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 66 - Human Physiology > Chapter 13 Blood, Heart and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Blood, Heart and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

equation for cardiac output (heart´s activity)

A

HR (heart rate) x SV (stroke volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cells of the heart

A

Myocardiocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

small part of cells that determine the heart rate

A

autorythmic cells (also considered as myocardiocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MAP

A

mean arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is mean arterial pressure

A

drives blood

sum of diastolic pressure and 1/3 of difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

circulatory system

A

organ system

transports molecules & substances in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

divisions of the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular- & lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

components of the cardiovascular system

A

heart
vessels/vascular system
blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

heart

A

muscular organ
pump
heart rate and strength can vary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

veesels

A

pipes of different diameter

interconected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

blood

A

fluid (volume and viscosity (thickness) vary
contains water, solutes and cells
average 5.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hematocrit

A

ratio of volume of red blood cells in total volume of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemoglobin

A

in RBCs
carries oxygen to tissue
carries CO2 away from tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

composition of blood

A

55% plasma

45% formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plasma

A

fluit portion

includes water, ions, nutrients, hormenes, waste…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

formed elements

A

red blood cells
white blood cells (for immunity)
platelets (cell fragments involved in clotting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

by what is the right and the öeft side of the heart seperated

A

muscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart
receives venous blood
right atrium receives blood from systemic circulation
left atrium receives blood from pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ventricle

A

lower chamber of the heart
pumps blood into arteries
right ventricle pumps blood into the pumonary circulation
left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

seperation of ventricles

A

by interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

seperation of atrium in ventricle

A

by fibrous skeleton (connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aorta

A

major artery

blood exits left ventricle through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

arteries

A

transport oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

veins

A

transport deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

transport deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pulmonary veins

A

transport oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to lungs
gas exchange (blood picks up oxygen from inspiration and releases carbon dioxide for expiration)
pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

systemic circulation

A

oxygenated blood travel from left ventricle via arteries through the organ system (delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide) and via veins back tot he right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

heart valves

A

atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves
open and close due to pressure difference - allow blood to travel through heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

atrioventricular valve

A

in fibrous tissue between atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

valve between right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve (3 flaps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

valve between left atrium and ventricle

A

bicuspid vlave (2 flaps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

papillary muscle of atrioventricular valve

A

limit valve movement

prevent backflow of blood into atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

semilunar valve

A

pulmonary valve - between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
aortic valve - between left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

blood flow pathway in the heart

A 
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava transport deoxygenated blood
Right Atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

first heart sound

A

low pitched “lub”
Atrioventricular valve closure
onset of systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

second heart sound

A

louder “dub”
Semilunar valve closure
onset of diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cardiac cycle

A

alternating contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

systole

A

ventricular contraction
blood ejection into aorta and pulmonary trunk when prssure exceeds aortic pressure
semilunar valves open

40
Q

diastole

A

ventricular relaxation
pressure in ventricles fall below atrical pressure - AV valves open
filling of ventricles
atria contract to delive blood -> isovolumetric contraction

41
Q

pressure

A

force produced by blood

42
Q

blood flow

A

from region of higher to region of lower pressure (measure in volume/unit time)

43
Q

isovolumetric contraction

A

during systole
same blood volume
pressure in ventricle increases due to contracting ventricle,
AV valves close

44
Q

systolic pressure

A

120 mmHh

45
Q

diastolic pressure

A

80 mmHg

46
Q

isovolumetric relaxation

A

during diastole
pressure in ventricles decreases due to relaxation of ventricle
semilunar valves open

47
Q

amount of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

A

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

48
Q

heat pacemaker

A

sinoatrial node

49
Q

heartbeat

A

depolarization of sinoatrial node
initiation of AP
depolarizes rest of cardiac muscle

50
Q

sinoatrial node

A

in right atrium
excitation causes contraction
small group of cardiac cells

51
Q

what carries AP from right Atrium

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

52
Q

how does the AP travel to ventricles

A

via bundel of His

53
Q

pacemaker potential

A

spontanous depolarization during diastole

54
Q

what is called “funny current”

A

depolarization through Na+ ions which leaked in through HCN channels

55
Q

why is it called “funny current”

A

channels open during hyperpolarization

56
Q

what do Ca2+ ions cause

A

further depolarization

opening of Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum

57
Q

what repolarizes the cell

A

opening of K+ channel

58
Q

what causes the prolonged “plateau” of depolarization

A

slow Ca2+ channels plus closure of potassium channels

59
Q

what is responsible for fast depolarization phase

A

opening of fast Na+ channels

60
Q

what regulates the contraction of cardiac muscle

A

Calcium ions

61
Q

what causes the release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

entry of extracellular calcium ions

62
Q

what prevents the cardiac muscle of tetanic contraction

A

the prolonged refractory period

63
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram

64
Q

electrocardiogram

A

records electrical activity of cardiac muscle via electrodes

65
Q

what are the various recodring sites of an ECG called

A

ECG leads

66
Q

3 ECG waves

A

P wave
QRS wave
T wave

67
Q

P wave

A

results from atrial depolarization

68
Q

QRS wave

A

spread of depolarization into ventricles

69
Q

T wave

A

after repolarization of ventricles

70
Q

direction of depolarization of ventricles

A

from the inside out

71
Q

direction of repolarization of ventricles

A

from the outside in

72
Q

why is the T wave in an ECG positive

A

because of two leads

73
Q

which system transports blodd to tissues and regulates blood pressure

A

vascular system

74
Q

what are blood vessels comprised of

A

connective tissue, smooth muscle and epithelial tissue

75
Q

pathway of the vascular system

A 
left ventricle of the heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
right atrium of the heart
76
Q

where does substance exchange occur

A

capillaries

77
Q

arteries

A

strong/thick/elastic walls

high pressure/low volume

78
Q

veins

A

weak walls, wide lumen

low pressure/high volume

79
Q

connection between arterioles and venules

A

metarterioles

80
Q

what affects the volume of blood capillaries receive

A

precapillary sphincter

81
Q

arterioles

A

control flow into capillaries

82
Q

greatest pressure drop in the vasculature

A

between arteries and arterioles

83
Q

increase of resistance to blood and the decrease of flow within the arterioles

A

vasoconstriction (contraction of smooth muscle vessel)

84
Q

decrease of resistance to blood and the increase of flow within the arterioles

A

vasodialtion (relaxation of smooth muscle layer)

85
Q

capillaries

A

location for exchange of substance with ISF

in every tissue except cornea

86
Q

what depends the exchange of substances on

A

blood flow and metabolic state of tissue

87
Q

what depends the blood flow in the capillaries on

A

resistance in arteries and arterioles

precapillary sphincter

88
Q

veins

A

greatest total blood volume
can expand with greater blood volume
low pressure

89
Q

what ensures that blood doesn´t flow backwards in veins

A

skeletal muscle pump

venous valves

90
Q

primary cause of coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis in coronary arteries

91
Q

coronary artery disease

A

insufficient blood flow to heart

92
Q

what can coronary artery disease cause

A

heart attack

93
Q

atherosclerosis

A

thickening of arterial wall due to colesterol in lumen of arteries

94
Q

risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

high BP, stress, smoking, obesityinactive lifestlyle, diabetes

95
Q

functions of lymphatic system

A

transports extra ISF that was a blood filtrate back into blood
transports absorbed fat from small intestine into blood
defends against disease-causing substances via lymphocytes

96
Q

where is lymph filtered before it is transported back to the blood

A

lymph nodes

97
Q

what transports lymph

A

lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries receive excess ISF

Biol 66 - Human Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions