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EVR1001C > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Weather-

A

Atmospheric conditions w small geographic areas, over short time (hours, days)

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2
Q

Climate

A

patterns of atmospheric conditions across large geographic regions over long periods of time (avg temp)

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3
Q

Thermosphere

A

-top layer

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4
Q

Inversión layer-

A

the band of air where temperature rises w altitude; dense cool air at bottom of layer resists mixing

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5
Q

Outdoor (ambient) air pollution-

A

outdoor air; improved due to Govt policy (clean air act) in developed areas; developing areas have issues

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6
Q

Natural source pollution-

A

fire generates soot and gases, wind sends large amounts of dust aloft and across oceans, volcanoes release particulate matter (sulfur dioxide)

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7
Q

Non point sources-

A

More diffuse, consisting of many small widely spread sources

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8
Q

Primary pollutants-

A

directly harmful or can react to form harmful substances

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9
Q

Secondary pollutants-

A

form when primary pollutants react with constituents of the atmosphere

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10
Q

Residence time-

A

The time a pollutant stays in the atmosphere

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11
Q

Point sources-

A

Specific spots where large quantities of pollutants are charged

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12
Q

China has worst air pollution in world from

A

burning fossil fuels, ppl smoke, cars

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13
Q

Stagnant air-

A

air doesn’t flow well (no sea breeze

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14
Q

Air is made of __% of nitrogen and __% oxygen

A

78% of nitrogen and 21% oxygen

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15
Q

Troposphere-

A

bottom layer(11km(7 miles)); responsible for earths weather; air gets colder x altitude; where you find biological life

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16
Q

Tropopause-

A

the boundary that limits mixing between troposphere and stratosphere

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17
Q

Stratosphere

A

contains ozone layer; warmer w altitude

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18
Q

Ozone layer-

A

blocks uv radiation; blocks 75% of harmful rays, radiation , and allows life (protects from cancer cataracts, eye issues)

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19
Q

Mesosphere-

A

low air pressure; colder w altitude

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20
Q

Human make pollution worse:

A

farming, grazing cause erosion, desertification; fire suppression leads to worse fires

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21
Q

Montreal Protocol (1987)-

A

196 nations Agreed to cut CFC production in half by 1998

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22
Q

Acid deposition-

A

The deposition of acid or acid forming pollutants from the air onto the earth surface; From automobiles; electric utilities; industrial facilities

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23
Q

Acid rain-

A

precipitation containing acid; Includes rain, snow, sleet, hail

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24
Q

Acid rain effects-

A

Leeches nutrients from topsoil, Changes soil chemistry, Converts toxic metal ions (aluminum, zinc, etc) into soluble forms that pollute water, affects surface water and kills fish, damages crops, Erode stone buildings, crowds cars, erases riding on tombstones

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25
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)-

A

chemical in stratosphere that depletes ozone; stays in stratosphere for up to a century; found in air conditioning, fridge, aerosol

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26
Q

Scrubbers-

A

Chemically convert or physically remove pollutants before they leave smokestacks

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27
Q

Industrial smog-

A

burning of coal releases co2, co, soot, mercury, sulfur; sulfuric acid formed

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28
Q

Smog-

A

An unhealthy mixture of air pollutants over urban areas

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29
Q

What countries have bad air quality

A

China, India, and Ukraine have bad air quality

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30
Q

Photochemical smog-

A

Forms when sunlight drives a chemical reaction between primary pollutants and atmospheric compounds; formed in sunny areas around mountains

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31
Q

Ozone Depleting substance-

A

human made chemicals that destroy Ozone

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32
Q

Indoor air pollution-

A

In workplaces, schools, and homes; causes greater health effects and outdoor pollution; in poor developing nations that Burn wood, charcoal, dung, and crop wastes; in buildings with little to no ventilation

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33
Q

Clean Air Act (1963,1970,1990)

A

(federal)- funds research for pollution control; Set standards for air-quality limits on emissions; Allows citizens to sue parties violating the standards; Introduce a cap and trade program for sulfur dioxide

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34
Q

Due to clean air act, cars today

A

emit 75% less pollution than a pre-1970’s car; 72% of 6 air pollutants decreased bc of this

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35
Q

Ozone

A

Ozone found in lower stratosphere layer; absorbs the suns ultraviolet radiation

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36
Q

Biggest ozone hole located at

A

Biggest ozone hole located at Antarctica

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37
Q

Ozone hole-

A

Area w decreased Ozone levels

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38
Q

Radon

A

A radioactive gas resulting from natural decay of rock, soil, or water that can seep into buildings; Produced naturally underground

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39
Q

Areas that have a high level of air pollution is when they’re found in a

A

valley, a depressional area (usually where you have very stagnant air), areas w lots of concrete(buildings blocking air flow)

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40
Q

Human activity changing amount of some

A

gases (carbon dioxide, methane, ozone)

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41
Q

Greenhouse gases-

A

carbon dioxide, methane, ozone

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42
Q

EPA (federal)-

A

sets standards for emissions and pollutants

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43
Q

Natural ph of rain-

A

5.6ph

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44
Q

Ph of acid rain-

A

anything below 5.6ph

45
Q

Burning fossil fuels produces

A

Acid rain

46
Q

Two biggest indoor air pollutants in developing countries-

A

cigarette smoke and radon

47
Q

Policies and regulations have lowered US omissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides __% since ____

A

Policies and regulations have lowered US omissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides 67% since 1989

48
Q

____ has the world’s worst air pollution

A

China; coal burning, more cars, power plants, factories

49
Q

Mark Twain

A

Mark Twain “climate is what we expect, weather is what we get.”

50
Q

Thermal inversion-

A

a layer of cool air forms beneath warm air

51
Q

Outdoor air pollution is getting worse in

A

developing nations

52
Q

We stopped the Antarctic ozone hole from getting

A

worse- the ozone hole stopped growing, but it fluctuates

53
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain

54
Q

Outdoor air quality improved from

A

the Clean Air Act

55
Q

Air pollution in

A

Mexico and Mexico City bc it’s very Poor there

56
Q

Mexico City found in

A

A depressional area

57
Q

Ozone is a _ gas

A

Greenhouse

58
Q

William E. Dunn-

A

utilities director at the place and named the water reclamation facility after him

59
Q

Berdenpho stands for

A

Bar-James Barnard
Den- denitrofication
Fo- phosphorus

60
Q

First thing you see when you walk in facility(smells most) (only one smells)

A

Headworks

61
Q

Plant should smell ____________.

A

Earthy

62
Q

What does it mean if foam is discolored?

A

There is a problem

63
Q

_________________ is where raw from system flows in (first thing the sewage goes through)

A

Headworks

64
Q

Catches large items that go through headworks(filters Debris).

A

Barscreens

65
Q

Grip removal units

Spins at 1.5 feet/sec

A

GRU

66
Q

Shoots with water to separate

A

Classifier

67
Q

Cleans Raw flow

A

Preliminary treatment

68
Q

What does preliminary treatment consist of?

A

Headworks, GRU, classifier

69
Q

Where does the plant service?

A

Services from Dale Mabry to Tarpon

70
Q

What are the 5 stages of the Bardenpho system?

A 
Fermentation
1st anoxic
oxidation ditch
2nd anoxic
reaeration
71
Q

Devoid of DO; stress bacteria that release/remove phosphorus

A

Fermentation

72
Q

Spends/slaps top of water to force oxygen in; higher DO where slapped than bottom

A

Oxidation ditch

Denitrofication

73
Q

Very little DO, but combined oxygen; with nitrogen

A

1st Anoxic
(Denitrofication)
(nitrate with oxygen connected)
(Nitrofication)

74
Q

Catches nitrogen missed, doesn’t completely denitrify because it’ll ferment

A

2nd Anoxic

75
Q

Shot of air to release nitrogen gas and freshen

A

Reaeration

76
Q

The plant’s job is to get rid of _________________ & ______________ in water

A

Phosphorus and nitrogen

77
Q

Towards the end of the system, __________________ is mixed with raw.

A

Sludge

78
Q

The plant does very little with _________________, instead mix with activated sludge

A

Chemicals

79
Q

5 stage system

A

1)fermentation- devoid of DO; stress bacteria that release/remove phosphorus
2)first anoxic
3)
4)second anoxic
5)

80
Q

Organisms that eat/release phosphorus(adsorbing + absorbing more phosphorus then released an oxidation ditch)

A

Phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAO’s)

81
Q

The water has less than 1mg _____________ and less than 2mg/1 of _____________ when it leaves their system.

A

Phosphorus

Nitrogen

82
Q

(6 clarifiers) paddles push sludge to center, Draws out solids from bottom

A

Final clarification

83
Q

What is the difference between Return Activated Sludge(RAS) and Waste Activated Sludge(WAS)?

A

Same material, just where it goes

84
Q

How many gallons of sludge goes through the plant per day?

A

6.5 million gallons of affluent/day
(permitted for 9)
24/7 facility

85
Q

5 apes

A

Gimpin, bonobo, chimp orangutan, gorilla

86
Q

4 out of 5 ape species will be extinct in about

A

10 years

87
Q

Sanctuary has been open since

A

1948

88
Q

Aligators were going extinct in _ but their population is now

A

1960; over 14 mil

89
Q

Only _% of monkeys have been in homes at sanctuary

A

1%

90
Q

Only to in-service at a time

A

2-ton tins with regulators

91
Q

Chlorine gas and water are used to_________________.

A

Disinfect

92
Q

Water will have at least 1mg of chlorine when it leaves the plant, but generally has ______.

A

3mg

93
Q

____________ kills pathogens.

A

Chlorine

94
Q

If it goes under 1.1 mg chlorine, they will _________________.

A

Reject it

95
Q

There are 64,000,000 gallons in the _____________ pond.

A

Reuse

96
Q

Reject pond goes where?

A

Back through system process

97
Q

Does the plant take in surface water discharge?

A

No

98
Q

Water from the plant goes where?

A

Lawns, golf courses, etc.

99
Q

The plant is permitted by?

A

Florida DEP

100
Q

How many gallons of water can leave facility?

A

22 million

101
Q

Who carelessly uses water the most?

A

Homeowners

102
Q

Certain ________________ need to be met before leaving facility.

A

Parameters

103
Q

Take samples over 24 hour period (takes one every night, 3rd shift) packed in ice

A

Composite sample

104
Q

Pull and use right away

A

Grab sample

105
Q

How much turbidity is considered too high for the plant?

A

5, but they reject at 3.5

106
Q

How long is the water rejected for?

A

It is rejected for a minimum of 65 minutes

107
Q

How many doctors and dentists are at the SPS Sanctuary

A

17 doctors; 3 dentists

108
Q

Monkeys have _ great apes do not

A

Tails

EVR1001C (11 decks)

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