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EVR1001C > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

BPAs are banned in

A

Europe and Canada

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2
Q

BPA mimics what and responda how?

A

Estrogen (female hormone) among others and the body reacts to it the same way

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3
Q

Environmental health

A

Assesses environmental factors that influence human health and quality-of-life

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4
Q

Environmental health includes

A

Natural and human caused Factors

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5
Q

Sheryl crow links what to breast cancer

A

Water bottles

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6
Q

BPA can leech into

A

Water in water bottles

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7
Q

You can only refill a water bottle for times before

A

Bacteria contamination

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8
Q

Heated water bottles contain more

A

BPA

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9
Q

What does BPA stand for

A

Bisphenol A

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10
Q

BPA causes what

A

Cancer, nerve damage, And miscarriages

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11
Q

What percentage of Americans have BPA is in their bodies

A

93%

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12
Q

BPA’s leech into

A

Food, air, and our bodies

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13
Q

Where are they making water in a box

A

Savanah

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14
Q

Physical hazards

A

Occur naturally in our environment

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15
Q

Physical hazards include

A

UV radiation, earthquakes, Volcanoes, fires, floods, landslides, hurricanes, droughts, etc

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16
Q

Pathogens

A

Has the ability to cause disease

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17
Q

Chemical hazards

A

Synthetic Chemicals

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18
Q

Chemical hazards include

A

Pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, and pesticides

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19
Q

Biological hazards

A

Result from ecological interactions

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20
Q

Infectious disease

A

Transmissible disease (contagious)

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21
Q

Infectious diseases include

A

Viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens; parasitisize humans

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22
Q

Leading cause of death by infectious disease

A

Respiratory infections

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23
Q

Vector

A

Means of transfer from one person to another

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24
Q

Infectious diseases accounts for what percentage of deaths in poor nations

A

50%

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25
Q

Developed countries Can pay for what more so than poor countries

A

Nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, and medicine

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26
Q

Cultural hazards

A

Result from where we live, our socioeconomic status, occupation, or behavioral choices

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27
Q

Cultural hazards include

A

Smoking, drug use, diet and nutrition, crime, mode of transportation

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28
Q

Non-infectious diseases

A

Does not spread from one person to another

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29
Q

Noninfectious diseases are based off of

A

Genetics, lifestyle, and environmental basis

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30
Q

Noninfectious diseases include

A

Cancer, heart disease

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31
Q

What fosters illness

A

Poverty and poor hygiene

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32
Q

What’s first? HIV or AIDS

A

HIV is first; AIDS is later

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33
Q

What has decreased some infectious diseases?

A

Public health

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34
Q

Ways to prevent disease

A

Stay active; don’t rub eyes; wash hands with soap; use hand sanitizer; not be Around sick people; sleep; nutrition; keep up immunity

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35
Q

What’s the number one way to get a cold?

A

Rubbing your eyes

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36
Q

What does the FDA do

A

Monitors food, Food additives, cosmetics, drugs, medical devices

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37
Q

What does the EPA do

A

Regulates pesticides and synthetic chemicals not covered by other laws

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38
Q

What does OSHA stand for

A

Occupational safety and health administration

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39
Q

What does OSHA do

A

Regulates workplace hazards

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40
Q

What country incorporates the precautionary principle

A

Europe

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41
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of the effects of poisonous substances on humans and other organisms

42
Q

Toxicity

A

The degree of harm a chemical can inflict

43
Q

Toxicant

A

Any toxic substance (poison)

44
Q

What does a toxicant depend on

A

It depends on the combined effect of the chemical and it’s quantity

45
Q

What is primarily used for testing

A

Animals

46
Q

If it kills the blank, it’ll kill the blank

A

Animal; human

47
Q

Environmental toxicology

A

Deals with toxic substances that come from or are discharged into the environment

48
Q

Environmental toxicology studies

A

Animals and plants to determine whether they indicate human health threats

49
Q

Most Americans spend what percentage of their time indoors

A

90%

50
Q

True or false: most environmental health hazards exist indoors

A

True

51
Q

Lead builds up in what part of your body

A

In your bones

52
Q

Chemicals have given us what high standards of living

A

Industrial agriculture’s production of food; medical advances; modern materials and conveniences

53
Q

Synthetic

A

Something that is man-made

54
Q

Degerming

A

Moving your hands while washing them

55
Q

Toxins

A

Toxic chemicals made in tissues of living organisms

56
Q

Few of the blank chemicals on the market have been tested

A

100,000

57
Q

True or false: everyone carries traces of hundreds of industrial chemicals in our bodies

A

True

58
Q

Rachel Carson’s silent spring was made in what year and showed what risk to people, wildlife, and ecosystems

A

1962;DDT’s

59
Q

Toxic chemicals also exist naturally in what

A

Our food

60
Q

Carcinogens

A

Cause cancer

61
Q

Mutagens

A

Cause DNA mutations

62
Q

Taratogens

A

Cause birth defects in embryos

63
Q

Neurotoxins

A

Affects the nervous system

Lead,Mercury

64
Q

Allergens

A

Over activate the immune system

65
Q

Pathway inhibitors

A

Interrupt biochemical processes

66
Q

What year was DDT banned in the US

A

1973

67
Q

Endocrine disruptors

A

Affect the endocrine hormone system

68
Q

The endocrine hormone system stimulates what

A

Growth, development, sexual maturity (accelerate puberty); it also regulates brain function, appetite, sex drive, etc

69
Q

What are the barriers that prevent toxin intake

A

Skin, scales, feathers

70
Q

Synthetic chemicals can block or mimic what

A

Hormones

71
Q

Biochemical pathways can detoxify what or make them water soluble so they can be excreted

A

Toxins

72
Q

What can be stored in an organisms funny

A

Toxins

73
Q

What can’t be overwhelmed if toxin levels get too high

A

Defenses

74
Q

Do we have natural defenses against synthetics

A

No

75
Q

If predator species are affected

A

Praise species can experience population growth

76
Q

It’s pretty species are affected

A

Predators decline as their food source declines

77
Q

What does the EPA stand for

A

US environmental protection agency

78
Q

The EPA keeps us safe at what level

A

Federal

79
Q

Chemicals can travel by what and impact areas far from the site of use

A

Air

80
Q

Pesticide drift

A

Airborne transport of pesticides; this upsets other countries

81
Q

Acute exposure

A

Hi exposure to a hazard for short periods of time; the reaction is an immediate/rapid reaction

82
Q

Chronic exposure

A

Low exposure for a long time; permanent/long-lasting affect

83
Q

Bioindicators

A

Animal populations that can’t be monitored for disease through population decline

84
Q

What species species are primarily used as bioindicators

A

Alligators and frogs

85
Q

What is the Florida bio indicator

A

Scallops (filter feeder)

86
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Buildup within tissues; fat soluble toxicants build up in tissues; travels in food chain

87
Q

Biomagnification

A

Toxicants concentrations are magnified through trophic levels

88
Q

Case history

A

Process of observing and analyzing individual patients

89
Q

When it comes to bees, what is more harmful than disease

A

Aroa Mites

90
Q

Threshold dose

A

The level where a response occurs

91
Q

Lethal dose/effective dose

A

The amount of toxicants required to kill/affect 50% of the subjects; a high number indicates low toxicity

92
Q

Threshold dose

A

The level where a response occurs

93
Q

Epidemiological study

A

Compares a group of people who are exposed to a hazard to a group of people who are not

94
Q

Estimating Human effects requires what, so regulatory agencies set standards below minimum toxicity levels

A

Extrapolation

95
Q

Synergistic effects

A

Interactive impacts that are greater than the sum of their constituent effects

96
Q

Precautionary Principle

A

Assumes the substance is harmful until it shown to be harmless; Be cautious with what you are using

97
Q

BPA stands for what

A

Bisphenol A

98
Q

Theo Colburns Our stolen future (1996)

A

Describes how synthetic chemicals maybe changing animals hormones

99
Q

What designated that chemicals need a warning label

A

MSDS

100
Q

What percentage of chemicals have been tested

A

10%

101
Q

We feel more at risk when we do not have what over a situation

A

Control

102
Q

Alternatives to animal testing

A

Computer simulation, tissue mimicker, and egg membranes

EVR1001C (11 decks)

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