Chapter 13

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

A hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group

Question 2

Stereotype

Answer 2

A generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members

Question 3

Illusory Correlation

Answer 3

The tendency to see relationships or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

Unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group solely because of his or her membership in that group

Question 5

Modern racism

Answer 5

Outwardly acting unprejudiced while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes

Question 6

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 6

The case wherein people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave consistently with people’s original expectations, making the expectations come true

Question 7

Stereotype threat

Answer 7

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype

Question 8

Institutional discrimination

Answer 8

Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of societal or company prejudice

Question 9

Institutionalized racism

Answer 9

Racist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm

Question 10

Institutionalized sexism

Answer 10

Sexist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm

Question 11

Normative conformity

Answer 11

The tendency to go along with the group in order to fulfill the group’s expectations and gain acceptance

Question 12

Out-group homogenity

Answer 12

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other (homogeneous) than they really are, as well as more similar than members of the ingroup
are

Question 13

Ultimate attribution error

Answer 13

The tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people

Question 14

Blaming the victim

Answer 14

The tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimization, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place

Question 15

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 15

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

Question 16

Scapegoating

Answer 16

The tendency for individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible, and relatively powerless

Question 17

Mutual interdependence

Answer 17

The situation that exists when two or more groups need to depend on one another to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them

Question 18

Jigsaw classroom

Answer 18

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise the self-esteem of children by placing them in small, desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class