Chapter 13

Question 1

Industrial / Organizational Psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work.

Industrial psychology studies job characteristics, applicant characteristics, and how to match them; also studies employee training and performance appraisal.
Organizational psychology studies interactions between people working in organizations and effects of those interactions on productivity.

Question 2

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 2

an increase in productivity by employees who are being observed by a researcher or supervisor

Question 3

Domains of study for Industrial Psychology

Answer 3

Employee selection
Training
Evaluation

Question 4

Employee selection

Answer 4

How do you advertise the position?

Task-oriented – lists in detail the tasks that will be performed for the job.

Worker-oriented – describes characteristics required of the worker to successfully perform the job (e.g., knowledge, skills, abilities).

How do you interview?
Tests, interview structure, etc.

Question 5

Employee training

Answer 5

Orientation to organizational policies, practices, culture
Formal or informal mentoring by an experienced employee can be beneficial to long-term success, satisfaction, and productivity

Question 6

Employee evaluation

Answer 6

A particularly challenging aspect of workplace culture
Performance appraisals may focus on defined job responsibilities and specific goals agreed upon between employee and supervisor
360-degree feedback appraisal may include peers, customers, self

Question 7

Domains of study for Organizational Psychology

Answer 7

Organizational culture
Management and organizational structure
Teamwork and employee interaction
Job satisfaction and work-life balance

Question 8

Organizational culture

Answer 8

the values, visions, hierarchies, norms, and interactions among its employees.
How an organization is run, how it operates, and how it makes decisions.
Many different styles, crucial to employee happiness and productivity

Question 9

Management / Organizational Structure

Answer 9

Leadership and management philosophy directly affects employee motivation and productivity

Question 10

Observable artifacts

Answer 10

symbols of language (jargon, slang, humor), narratives (stories and legends), and practices (rituals) that represent the underlying cultural assumptions.

Question 11

Espoused values

Answer 11

concepts/beliefs that management or entire organization endorses.

Question 12

Basic assumptions

Answer 12

usually unobservable and unquestioned.

Question 13

Transactional leadership

Answer 13

focuses on supervision and organizational goals achieved through a system of rewards and punishments; maintenance of the organizational status quo

Question 14

Transformational leadership

Answer 14

leaders are charismatic role models, inspirational (optimistic about goal attainment), intellectually stimulating , and seek to change the organization.

Question 15

Theory X

Answer 15

manager assumes workers are inherently lazy and unproductive; managers must have control and use punishments.

Question 16

Theory Y

Answer 16

manager assumes workers are people who seek to work hard and productively; managers and workers can find creative solutions to problems; workers do not need to be controlled and punished.

Question 17

Teamwork and Employee Interaction

Answer 17

Effectiveness of teamwork will depend on team composition and management style

Question 18

Team halo effect

Answer 18

teams get credited for team successes, individuals within teams get blamed for team failures

Question 19

Social loafing

Answer 19

the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone.

Question 20

Groupthink

Answer 20

the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.

Question 21

Job Satisfaction / Work-Life Balance

Answer 21

Long ago there was the ideal of the 9-to-5 job
Today, constant communication availability blurs the lines between work and home life
This can lead to familial conflict, overwork, stress for the individual
This can lead to poor morale and employee turnover for the organization

Question 22

Job satisfaction affected by many factors

Answer 22

Autonomy
Work Content – Variety, challenge, role clarity
Constructive feedback
Feeling of fairness in workload, salary, benefits
Opportunities for growth, development, and advancement
Positive relationships with coworkers and supervisors
Recognition

Question 23

bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

Answer 23

A BFOQ allows employers to base employment decisions for a particular job on such factors as sex, religion or national origin if they are able to demonstrate that such factors are an essential qualification for performing a particular job.

Question 24

immutable characteristic

Answer 24

traits that employers cannot use to discriminate in hiring, benefits, promotions, or
termination; these traits are fundamental to one’s personal identity (e.g. skin color and hair texture)

Question 25

work team

Answer 25

group of people within an organization or company given a specific task to achieve together