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PSY 12000 > CHAP 15 > Flashcards

CHAP 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive model

A

Abnormal thoughts or beliefs

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2
Q

Sociocultural model

A

Violation of local social norms

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3
Q

Biological model

A

Changes in biological functioning

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4
Q

Defining ‘Abnormal’

A

Abnormality is inextricably attached to cultural norms, expectations and laws
ADHD in the US vs. Europe
Disorders of sexuality
Cultural responses to abnormality and mental illness

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5
Q

psychological disorder

A

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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6
Q

Thomas Szasz, MD

A

Argued that the mental disorder classification system is an attempt by society to control those who are different

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7
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A

The standard reference manual for disorder diagnosis and classification

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8
Q

Advantages of the DSM

A

Can be a useful tool, when used properly, for diagnosis and treatment of disorders
Provides systematic structure for future research
Provides systematic structure for insurance reimbursement

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9
Q

Criticisms of the DSM

A

Number of disorders increases with each new edition
From 66 in first DSM to over 400 in DSM-5
Providing classifications may lead to overdiagnosis
ADHD, MPD/DID
PD-NOS is most commonly diagnosed disorder – despite there being 400 defined disorders
Particularly a concern with newer dimensional approach and risk syndromes

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10
Q

Panic Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid breathing and dizziness

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11
Q

Phobias

A

An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a
specific situation, activity, or object

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12
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person
Often self-fulfilling

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13
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

When a person who has experienced traumatic events has symptoms such as numbing, reliving of trauma, detachment, relationship challenges, self-destructive behaviors
Military service
Sexual abuse
9/11
First responders
Symptoms last longer than 6 months

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14
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety
Person understands that the ritual behavior is senseless but guilt and anxiety increase if not performed
Often tied into cleanliness vs. contamination

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15
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness),
Behavior (loss of interest in one’s usual activities)
Cognition (thoughts of hopelessness)
Body function (fatigue and loss of appetite)
Affects about twice as many women as men
Also Persistent Depressive Disorder, which is more chronic, but may have lower severity of symptoms

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16
Q

Major Depressive Disorder Requires 5 of the following symptoms in last 2 weeks:

A

Depressed mood
Reduced interest in almost all activities
Significant weight gain or loss, without dieting
Sleep disturbance (insomnia or too much sleep)
Change in motor activity (too much or too little)
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Reduced ability to think or concentrate.
Recurrent thoughts of death

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17
Q

Theories of depression

A

Biological - genetics and brain chemistry
Social - the stressful circumstances of people’s lives
Attachment - problems with close relationships.
Cognitive – negative / maladaptive habits of thinking or interpreting events (e.g. learned helplessness)

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18
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between episodes of depression and mania (excessive euphoria)
Driven primarily by brain chemistry

19
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Rigid, maladaptive patterns that cause personal distress or an inability to get along with others

20
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption

21
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by habitually unreasonable and excessive suspiciousness and jealousy

22
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Intense but unstable relationships, fear of abandonment, unrealistic self-image, emotional volatility, self-destructive behavior
Controversial because of loose diagnostic criteria, possible overdiagnosis

23
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by antisocial behavior such as lying, stealing, manipulating others, and sometimes violence; and a lack of guilt, shame and empathy

24
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Used to be called Multiple Personality Disorder
Disorder marked by the appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits
Often has roots in intense childhood sexual abuse
The identity splits (dissociates) in order to repress or confine the memory to one identity, while other identities remain happy and oblivious

25
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

DID is a highly controversial disorder
Debate over the name – personality vs. identity
Sociocognitive explanation
Disorder is not an actual fragmenting of the identity or multiple personalities, but is simply an extreme manifestation of the different roles we all hold
Diagnosis rates have skyrocketed
Media hype?
Improved diagnostic criteria or overzealous therapists?
Abusing suggestibility
Rewarding patients by giving them an ‘out’ for bad behavior
Rewarding patients with a great deal of attention

26
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A group of psychotic disorders marked by positive and negative symptoms that indicate a distorted perception of reality

27
Q

symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Positive symptoms – something abnormal is present
Delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior
Negative symptoms – something normal is absent
Lack of affect, loss of motivation, social withdrawal
May be grouped to form an overall state of catatonia

28
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs that often accompany schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

29
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of actual stimulation

30
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and
communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests

31
Q

catatonic behavior

A

People with catatonia often don’t react to things happening nearby or may react in ways that seem unusual.

32
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

dissociative disorder in which people feel detached from the self
(depersonalization), and the world feels artificial and unreal (derealization)

33
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder (a diathesis) are more likely
to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathology

34
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

dissociative disorder characterized by an inability to recall important personal
information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

35
Q

dissociative fugue

A

symptom of dissociative amnesia in which a person suddenly wanders away from one’s
home and experiences confusion about their identity

36
Q

etiology

A

cause or causes of a psychological disorder

37
Q

grandiose delusion

A

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely
important

38
Q

locus coeruleus

A

area of the brainstem that contains norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the
body’s fight-or-flight response; has been implicated in panic disorder

39
Q

mania

A

state of extreme elation and agitation

40
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision-making

41
Q

peripartum onset

A

subtype of depression that applies to women who experience an episode of major
depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

42
Q

rumination

A

in depression, tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one’s depressed symptoms, their
meanings, and their consequences

43
Q

somatic delusion

A

belief that something highly unusual is happening to one’s body or internal organs

PSY 12000 (10 decks)

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