CH 6 PSY 120 Flashcards
Behaviorism
the perspective that viewed psychology as the study of humans via their observable behavior, and looks at how the environment can have an effect on behavior
Classical Conditioning
A process of associating a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response.
The association process leads the neutral stimulus to elicit the same response.
First systematically described by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. learning basic behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
Learning by consequences. Learning complex behaviors.
Observational learning
Primarily an extension of operant conditioning which also includes internal factors, such as imitation and expectation
Stimulus discrimination
the ability to distinguish between one stimulus and similar stimuli
Stimulus generalization
occurs when a response that has been associated with one stimulus occurs for another stimulus that is similar is some way.
extinction
Over time, if you do not periodically re-associate the CS with the UCS, the CS will cease to bring about the CR
Ratio schedule
reward given based on number of behaviors. Ratio and interval can be fixed or variable
Interval schedule
reward given based on amount of time that has passed since last reward. Ratio and interval can be fixed or variable
Shaping
you reward behaviors as they get incrementally closer to the complex target behavior
Bandura’s social learning theory
learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling and is influenced by factors such as attention, motivation, attitudes, and emotions.
Vicarious reinforcement
occurs when the frequency of certain behaviors increases as a result of observing others rewarded for the same behaviors.
Vicarious punishment
refers to a decrease in the frequency of certain behaviors as a results of seeing others punished for the same actions.
