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HAZMAT > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Operations level responders with mission specific product control training are able to

A

Perform their duties with limited risk of exposure at hazmat incident

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2
Q

Flammable and combustible liquids control consideration (5)

A

Structural firefighters protective clothing can absorb flammable and combustible liquids which can later ignite if exposed to an ignition source

Vapors from flammable and combustible liquids are usually heavier than air

Flammable and combustible liuids are typically lighter then water and if so will float on the surface of water

Flammable and combustible liquids are Class b materials, water is an ineffective extinguishing agent

Flammable and combustible liquids vapors may be toxic for example benzene is carcinogen

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3
Q

Hazardous materials technicians and specialists perform

A

Most offensive leak control tactics

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4
Q

Operations responders can take offensive actions with these 3 fuels provided they have appropriate training procedures, equipment and PPE

A

Gasoline,
Diesel,
LPG

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5
Q

Cargo Tank Truck shutoff devices locations may very but often found

A

Located behind the drivers side cab

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6
Q

MC331 may also have ______ shutdown device

A

Electronically operated and can be operated 150 feet away

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7
Q

MC 306 /DOT 406 and MC 307 /DOT 407 have emergency shutoff device on

A

left front corner of the tank behind the driver compartment

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8
Q

MC 323/dog 412 typically

A

dont have shut off devices

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9
Q

High pressure cryogenic intermodal containers will have

A

Emergency shutoffs for the bottom internal valve

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10
Q

Spill control is not restricted to controlling liquids, responders may also need to confine dusts, vapors, and gases with the following (5)

A

Protective covering consisting of a fine spray of water
Layers of earth
Salvage covers
Plastic sheets
Foam blankets on liquids

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11
Q

Strategically placed water streams can direct absorb dilute or move gases reference sources and trainer information can provide the proper procedures for confining gases. the following dictate the type and effectiveness of confinement efforts (7)

A

Material type
Rate of release
Speed of spread
Number of responder available
Tools and equipment needed
Weather
Topography

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12
Q

Defensive spill control tactics that confine hazardous materials include the following (5)

A

Absorption
Blanketing/Covering
Vapor Suppression
Adsorption
Dam Dike, Divert and retain

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13
Q

Some defensive spill control tactics include diluting the concentration or changing its physical state of matter of hazard. these 7 tactics include the following

A

Dilution
Dispersion
Solidification
Ventilation
Dissolution
Neutralization
Vapor Dispersion

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14
Q

Absorption is

A

like a sponge soaking up water retains a liquid hazardous material in some other material, the bulk of the liquid being absorbed enter the cell structure of the absorbing medium.

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15
Q

5 Common Absorption materials

A

Sawdust
Clays
Charcoal
Polyolefin type fibers
Specially designed absorbent pads, pillows, booms, and socks

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16
Q

Adsorption is

A

Differs from absorption in that molecules of the liquid hazardous material physically adhere to the adsorbent material rather then being absorbed into the inner spaces

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17
Q

2 Common Adsorption materials

A

Activated charcoal
Carbon

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18
Q

For Blanketing or covering solids such as powders and dust the following 4 tools are used

A

Tarps
Salvage covers
Plastic sheeting
Other materials including foam

19
Q

Blanketing / covering can also be used in the following situations (3)

A

At radiological and biological incident as a form of temporary mitigation

At liquified gas leaks to cause the released material to auto refrigerate beneather the tarp or covering

As a temporary option to covering openings of some liquid containers with plastic sheets or tarps to confine vapors

20
Q

Two Main types of dams

A

Containment
underflow and overflow

21
Q

Underflow and overflow dam

A

permits surface water or runoff to pass either under or over the dam while holding back the hazardous material

22
Q

Underflow dam retains hazardous materials that are

A

Lighter than water

23
Q

Overflow dam retains hazardous materials that are

A

heavier than water

24
Q

Retaining is

A

Holding or containing a liquid in a area until it can be absorbed, neutralized or removed, and is often used as a longer term solution

25
Q

Dilutions is

A

The application of water to water soluble material to reduce the hazard

26
Q

Dispersion is

A

Involves breaking up or dispersing a hazardous material that has spilled on a solid or liquid surface with both chemical or biological agents

27
Q

Neutralization is

A

involves raising or lowering the ph of corrosive materials to render them neutral

28
Q

Vapor Dispersion

A

Uses water spray to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials

29
Q

Vapor Suppression

A

is the action taken to reduce the emission of vapors, firefighting foams are effective on spills of flammable and combutible liquids if the foam concentrate is compatible with the material

30
Q

Vapor Suppression

A

is the action taken to reduce the emission of vapors, firefighting foams are effective on spills of flammable and combustible liquids if the foam concentrate is compatible with the material

31
Q

Foam Concentrates are divided into two general categories based on the classification

A

Class A fuel foams = Ordinary combustibles

Class B fuel foam= For Flammable and combustible liquids

32
Q

To produce high quality foam four elements are necessary

A

Foam Concentrate
Water
Air
Mechanical Agitation

33
Q

5 other points to consider when using foam for vapor suppression include

A

Do not use water streams in conjunction with the application of foam, water destory s and washes away foam blankets

Ensure that a material is below its boiling point, foam cannot seal vapors of boiling liquids

Dot not rely on the film that precedes the foam blanket it is not reliable vapor suppressant

Reapply aerated foam periodically until the foam completely overs the spill

Ensure Foam concentrate is above freezing point

34
Q

Look for these 4 sets of letters before the name on the foam concentrate container

A

ARC- Alcohol resistand concentrate

PSL- Polar solvent liquid

ATC- Alcohol type concentrate to use on polar solvent liquids

F3- Flurine free foams for flammable hydrocarbon liquid fires

35
Q

Drainage time is

A

The time required for one-fourth (25 percent or one quater) of the total liquid solution to drain from the foam

36
Q

Expansion ration is

A

the volume of finished foam that results from a unit volume of foam solution

37
Q

Responders should consider may factors at hazardous materials incident where flammable or combustible liquids are present or burning including (3)

A

Where vapors may be present or traveling

Where and what possible ignition sources are present

Whether to extinguish the fire and how

38
Q

Responders should consider withdrawal as potentially safest tactical option due to conditions such as the following (3)

A

A threat of catastrophic container failure

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion BLEVE or other explosion potential

The resources needed to control the incident are unavailable

39
Q

If inital water streams will not cool both the tank and exposures given priority to

A

the involved container

40
Q

Most potassium based dry chemical agents such as purple k are compatible with foam but do not use the 2 following agents

A

ABC that use monoammonium phosphate based dry chemical which is yellow in color

BC that use sodium bicarbonate which is blue in color

41
Q

the most common cause of a BLEVE is

A

When flames contact the tank shell above the liquid level and the tank shell itself has overheated

42
Q

When attacking a tank cars that may BLEVE apply

A

continual water at minimum rate of 500 GPM to the upper portions of the tank

43
Q

Do not extinguis gas fed fires burning around the relief valves or piping unless

A

Turning off the supply can stop the leaking product

44
Q

4 Variety of materials are loosely categorized as flammable solids

A

Metal Powders

Readily combustible solids that ignite by friction

Self reactive materials that undergo a strong exothermic decomposition

Explosives’ that are wetted to suppress their explosive properties

HAZMAT (11 decks)

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