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Advanced Neuro > Chapter 12 Vocab And Packet > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocab And Packet Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Spinal segments

A

One set of dorsal and ventral roots plus the portion of spinal chord related to them

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2
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by perennial nerve fibers originating from a single dorsal root

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3
Q

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

A

An ascending somatic sensory pathway that mediates info about touch, pressure, vibration and limb proprioception

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4
Q

Dorsal column

A

A white matter tract on the dorsal side of spinal cord, carrying touch and proprioceptice axons to brain stem

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5
Q

Dorsal column nuclei

A

One pair of nuclei locates In the posterior medulla

Target of dorsal column axons

Meditating touch and proprioceptice input from limbs and trunk

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6
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

White matter tract on the somatic sensory system carrying axons from dorsal column nuclei to the thalamus

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7
Q

Ventral root

A

A bundle of neuron actually be that emerge from ventral spinal cord and joins sensory fibers to form a spinal cord

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8
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Broadmanns area 3b locates in post central gurus

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9
Q

Posterior parietal cortex

A

Posterior part of parietal love

Broadband area 5 and 7

Involved in visual and somatosensory integration and attention

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10
Q

Somatotopy

A

The topographic organization of somatic sensory pathways in which neighboring receptors in the skin feed into to neighboring cells in a target structure

Mapping of the bodies surface sensations into a structure in the brain

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11
Q

Agnosia

A

Causes inability to recognize objects even though simple sensory skills seem to be normal

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12
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Reduced threshold for pain

Or an increased response to painful stimuli

Spontaneous pain that follows localized injury

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13
Q

Analgesia

A

The absence of normal sensation of pain

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14
Q

Substantial geltinosa

A

Thin dorsal part of dorsal horn of the spinal cord that receives input from unmylinated C fibers important in the transmission of nociceptive signals

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15
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain that is perceived as coming from a site other than its true origin

Nociceptor activation within visceral organs is typically perceived as pain originating in skin or skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Spinothalmuc pathway

A

Travels from spinal cord to thalamus via the lateral spinothalmic columns

Mediates info about pain, temp, and some forms of touch

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17
Q

Periaquductal gray matter (PAG)

A

A region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the core of the midbrain

Has descending pathways that can inhibit the transmission of pain causing signals

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18
Q

Endorphins

A

One of many endogenous opioid peptides with actions similar to those of morphine

Present in many brain structures, particularly those related to pain

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19
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

A sensory receptor selective for temperature changes

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20
Q

Mast cells

A

Component of immune system activated by exposure to foreign substances

They release histamine

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21
Q

Histamine

A

Binds to specific cell surface receptors and cause membrane depolarization

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22
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

The conversion of mechanical stimuli to chemical stimuli

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23
Q

Proprioception

A

Awareness/perception of position and movement in body

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24
Q

What mediates itch and how

A

Histamine does. It binds to histamine receptors which activate TRPV1 channels

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25
Nociceptors
Contain ion channels that are activated by stimulus that have the potential to cause tissue damage
26
How does pain begin
With peripheral chemical mediators of pain and hyperalgesia
27
Difference between first and second pain
First pain is fast, axons are myelinated Second is slower and not as intense. They have unmylinated axons
28
Polynesian nociceptors
Respond to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli
29
Mechanical noreceptors
Responds to strong pressure
30
Thermal nociceptors
Response to burning heat or extreme cold
31
Axons cross _____ for pain
Contralaterally
32
Substance p
Synthesized by noteceptiors themselves Cause release of histamine
33
Where is substance p located most
Substantial gelatinosa
34
Cause of secondary hypergesia
Sensation of other nociceptors around site of injury by substance p
35
Spinothalmic pathway regulated _____. It’s pathway is ____
Pain and temp- ———- Projects up spinal cord, through medulla, pins and midbrain without synapsing until they reach the thalamus
36
Axons and touch contralateral or ipsilateral
Ipsilateral
37
Pathway of spinothalmic pathway
Skin Primary affront axons Dorsal root ganglion Spinal cord Pass pins and midbrain and then synapse at thalamus Primary S1 cortex
38
Primary affrent axons
Send info about mechanical, thermal and chemical states of body
39
Pathway for touch
Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway Dorsal root axon Dorsal column Dorsal column nuclei Medial lemniscus Thalamus Cerebral cortex
40
Intralaminar nuclei
collections of neurons in the thalamus Relay nociception info to cortex
41
Melzak and walls gate theory of pain
Activity in nonnoficeltive mechanoreceptors cal suppress or close the “gate” on nociceptive signals before they can proceed to the spinothalmic tract (If mechanoreceptors fires fast, it activates internehron and suppress nociceptive signals)
42
What can depress activity of nociceptive neurons
PAG
43
what does PAG do
It can influence the medulla through modulating nociceptive info through spinal chord
44
Where are most endorphins concentrated
Areas that process and modulate noviceptive info
45
What is the hot receptor protein
TRPV1
46
what is the cold receptor
TRM8
47
TRN8 and TRPV1 are responsive to
Methol Capsaicin
48
Defending pain pathway
PAG (in midbrain) Ralph nuclei (in medulla) Dorsal horn (in spinal cord)
49
When are differences between response rates of warm and cold greatest
After temperature change
50
When do thermoreceptors adapt
During long duration stimuli
51
Touch vs pain
Touch transfers sensation fast/pain is slow. Pain has only free nerve endings
52
What does shingles infect
Perennial somatic nerve
53
What relays nociception information to the cortex
Ventral posterior thalamus Intralaminar nuclei
54
What do afferent nerve fibers do
Take sensory info from external environment and transmit it to CNS mechanoreceptors are afferent nerve fibers
55
Main tout which temperature and pain information ascend to cerebral cortex
Spinothalmic pathway
56
Junction of spinal cord and medulla
Dorsal column nuclei
57
Where do primary affrent axons enter spinal cord through
Dorsal root
58
Where are cell bodies of primary affrent axons
Dorsal root ganglion
59
Step by step pathway of touch
Touch receptors Dorsal column/medulla Thammus (VP) S1 cortex
60
What do rats use to sense their environment
Vibrissae
61
How does hair contribute to touch
Bending of hair causes deformation of follicle and surrounding skin tissue
62
Where do hairs grow from
Follicle
63
Each follicle is richly innervated by
Nerve endings
64
Left visual field is viewed by
Right hemisphere
65
Right side of visual field
Is viewed by left hemisphere
66
What are the other two names for primary visual cortex
Broadband area 17 Occipital love
67
Glaucoma is when..
Eye pressure is too high
68
Adaption of mechanoreceptors equals....
How fast they send action potentials
69
Right side of retina picks up on
Left visual hemisfeild
70
Left side of retina picks up on
Right visual hemisfeild
71
How do we have binocular vision
Through crossing of visual hemisfeilds
72
Where does touch synapse for first time Where does pain synapse for first time
Dorsal column nuclei -touch Thalamus-pain
73
Signal secretion theory events
Stimulus event Neural activity Comparison with personal standard Action/no action

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