Chapter 12- Respiration Flashcards
What do we use energy for?
- contraction of muscles, to more our body parts
- to make protein molecules by linking together amino acids in a long chain
- cell division, to repair damaged tissue
- Active transport, moving substances across their cell membrane and against their concentration gradient
- transporting nerve impulses, so different part of the body can communicate
- growth by building new cells, and these cells dividing to form new ones
- producing heat inside, to keep temperature constant, even if environment is cold.
What is Anerobic respiration?
Anerobic respiration is a chemical reaction that takes place in cell that breaks down nutrient molecules to release energy, without the use of oxygen. Glucose–> alcohol+ carbon dioxide. alcohol (in yeast and plants) or lactic acid(in animals) is made
C6H12O6–> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.
What is Aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is a chemical reaction that takes place in the cell that uses oxygen to break down glucose and nutrient molecules to releasy energy in the cell. Glucose+oxygen–> carbon dioxide+ water. C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is breathing?
Using the muscles in the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles to change the volume of the thorax, so that air is drawn into and out of the lungs.
What is intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Intercostal mucles: Muscles between the ribs that raise and lower the rib cage, when the contract and relax.
Diaphragm: A mucle the sepeartes the chest cavity from the abdominal cavit in mammals, it helps with breathing.
How does inspiration occur?
When breathing in, the muscles of the diaphragm contract, this pulls the diaphragm downwards, and increases the volume of the thorax. At the same time the external intercostal muscles contract. This pulls the rib cage upwards, and outwards, increasing the volume of the thorax so air is taken in.
How does expiration occur
When breathing out, the muscles of the diaphragm relax, the diaphragm springs back into its domed shape, because of its elasticity. The external intercostal muscles also relax, bringing the rib cage back to its normal position, decreasing the volume of the thorax, so air is forced out.
