Chapter 12: Injuries to the Wrist, Arm and Hand Flashcards
Myositis Ossificans Traumatica
Develops over weeks or months and is often ignored during the early stages
Tackler’s Exostosis
Formation of a benign grow projecting from the humerus that is caused by repeated blows to the upper arm region: common in tackle football
Exostosis
Benign growth projecting from a bone surface capped by cartalidge
Epicondylitis
Inflammatory response of the soft tissue that attaches to the epicondyle
Apophysitis
Inflammation of stress injury where a tendon attaches near or around growth plates of bones resulting in pain and or excessive pulling of the bone causing structural changes.
Valgus
Outward force on a bone segment distal to a joint causing an opening on the medial (inside) of the joint.
Varus
Inward force on a bone segment distal to a joint causing an opening on the lateral (outside of the joint)
Volkmann’s Contracture
Contracture of muscles of the forearm related to a loss of blood supply caused by a fracture and or dislocation of either of the bones in the forearm or the humerus.
Golfer’s elbow
Medial humeral epicondylitis related to the incorrect golf technique (inflammatory response of the soft tissue that attaches to the epicondyle)
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
Condition in which a fragment of cartilage and underlying bone are detached from the articular surface, also called “joint mice”
Bursa
Small, fluid filled sac, typically located over bony prominences, that assists in cushioning and reducing friction
Colles’ Fracture
Transverse fracture of the distal radius
Carpal Tunnel
Anatomic region of the wrist where the median nerve and the majority of the tendons of the anterior forearm pass into the hand.
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
A complex set of symptoms resulting from pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist, causing soreness and numbness.
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon
De Quervain’s Disease
Inflammation of the sheaths surronding the extensor tendons of the thumbs
Ganglion
Herniation of the synovium surrounding a tendon and subsequent filling of the area with synovial fluid, resulting in a visible bump seen through the skin.
Bennet’s Fracture
Fracture and or dislocation of the base of the first metacarpal bone (thumb) and trapezium (wrist)
Fracture-dislocation
An injury resulting in both of the fracture of a bone and dislocation at the joint
Boxer’s Fracture
Fracture of the proximal or neck section of the forth and or fifth metacarpal bones.
Gamekeeper’s Thumb
Sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalanged
Mallet finger
Deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger cause by an avulsion of the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle from the distal phalanx.
Distal Interphalageal (DIP) Joint
The joint formed by the articulation between the middle and distal phalanges of the digits (hinge type of joint)
Jersey Finger
Torn flexor tendon of finger typically due to the finger being caught in a jersey and pulled forcefully into extension.
Boutonniere Deformity
Buttonhole deformity whereby the proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger is forced through the central band of the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle.
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joint
The joint formed by the articulation between the proximal and middle phalanges of the digits (hinge type of joint)
Swan neck deformity
A rupture to the volvar plate of the PIP joint causing a deformity that resembles a swan’s neck with the head bent (bent DIP) and long neck (hyper-extended PIP)
