Chapter 12: Injuries to the Wrist, Arm and Hand

Question 1

Myositis Ossificans Traumatica

Answer 1

Develops over weeks or months and is often ignored during the early stages

Question 2

Tackler’s Exostosis

Answer 2

Formation of a benign grow projecting from the humerus that is caused by repeated blows to the upper arm region: common in tackle football

Question 3

Exostosis

Answer 3

Benign growth projecting from a bone surface capped by cartalidge

Question 4

Epicondylitis

Answer 4

Inflammatory response of the soft tissue that attaches to the epicondyle

Question 5

Apophysitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of stress injury where a tendon attaches near or around growth plates of bones resulting in pain and or excessive pulling of the bone causing structural changes.

Question 6

Valgus

Answer 6

Outward force on a bone segment distal to a joint causing an opening on the medial (inside) of the joint.

Question 7

Varus

Answer 7

Inward force on a bone segment distal to a joint causing an opening on the lateral (outside of the joint)

Question 8

Volkmann’s Contracture

Answer 8

Contracture of muscles of the forearm related to a loss of blood supply caused by a fracture and or dislocation of either of the bones in the forearm or the humerus.

Question 9

Golfer’s elbow

Answer 9

Medial humeral epicondylitis related to the incorrect golf technique (inflammatory response of the soft tissue that attaches to the epicondyle)

Question 10

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

Answer 10

Condition in which a fragment of cartilage and underlying bone are detached from the articular surface, also called “joint mice”

Question 11

Bursa

Answer 11

Small, fluid filled sac, typically located over bony prominences, that assists in cushioning and reducing friction

Question 12

Colles’ Fracture

Answer 12

Transverse fracture of the distal radius

Question 13

Carpal Tunnel

Answer 13

Anatomic region of the wrist where the median nerve and the majority of the tendons of the anterior forearm pass into the hand.

Question 14

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Answer 14

A complex set of symptoms resulting from pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist, causing soreness and numbness.

Question 15

Tenosynovitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon

Question 16

De Quervain’s Disease

Answer 16

Inflammation of the sheaths surronding the extensor tendons of the thumbs

Question 17

Ganglion

Answer 17

Herniation of the synovium surrounding a tendon and subsequent filling of the area with synovial fluid, resulting in a visible bump seen through the skin.

Question 18

Bennet’s Fracture

Answer 18

Fracture and or dislocation of the base of the first metacarpal bone (thumb) and trapezium (wrist)

Question 19

Fracture-dislocation

Answer 19

An injury resulting in both of the fracture of a bone and dislocation at the joint

Question 20

Boxer’s Fracture

Answer 20

Fracture of the proximal or neck section of the forth and or fifth metacarpal bones.

Question 21

Gamekeeper’s Thumb

Answer 21

Sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalanged

Question 22

Mallet finger

Answer 22

Deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger cause by an avulsion of the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle from the distal phalanx.

Question 23

Distal Interphalageal (DIP) Joint

Answer 23

The joint formed by the articulation between the middle and distal phalanges of the digits (hinge type of joint)

Question 24

Jersey Finger

Answer 24

Torn flexor tendon of finger typically due to the finger being caught in a jersey and pulled forcefully into extension.

Question 25

Boutonniere Deformity

Answer 25

Buttonhole deformity whereby the proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger is forced through the central band of the tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle.

Question 26

Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joint

Answer 26

The joint formed by the articulation between the proximal and middle phalanges of the digits (hinge type of joint)

Question 27

Swan neck deformity

Answer 27

A rupture to the volvar plate of the PIP joint causing a deformity that resembles a swan’s neck with the head bent (bent DIP) and long neck (hyper-extended PIP)