Chapter 12: Information Systems and System Development Flashcards
Accounting systems
A type of transaction system that deals with the financial transactions and financial recordkeeping for an organization. (p473)
artificial intelligence (AI) systems
A system in which a computer performs actions that are characteristic of human intelligence. (p479)
benchmark test
A test used to measure computer system performance under typical usage conditions prior to purchase. (p495)
big data
The vast amount of business data generated today. (p469)
business analytics (BA)
The process of analyzing data to evaluate a company’s operations. (p469)
business intelligence (BI)
The process of gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data in order to make better business decisions. (p469)
communications systems
A system that allows employees to communicate with each other, as well as with business partners and customers. (p472)
computer-aided design (CAD)
A general term applied to the use of computer technology to automate design functions. (p477)
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
A general term applied to the use of computer technology to automate manufacturing functions. (p477)
content management systems (CMSs)
A document management system that includes images, multimedia files, and other content in addition to conventional documents. (p472)
Data mining
The process of using intelligent software to analyze data warehouses for patterns and relationships. (p469)
data warehouse
A comprehensive collection of data about a company and its customers. (p469)
decision support system (DSS)
A type of information system typically used by upper management that provides people with the tools and capabilities to organize and analyze their decision making information. (p474)
digital ecosystem
The collection of people, goods, services, and business processes related to a digital element. (p468)
document management system (DMS)
A type of system used to store, organize, and retrieve documents once they have been created in or converted to an electronic format. (p472)
Document processing systems
A type of system used to create electronic documents. (p472)
Electronic data interchange (EDI)
The transfer of data between companies using the Internet or another network. (p475)
Enterprise architecture
A comprehensive framework used to describe and manage an organization’s business functions and systems. (p468)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
A large integrated system that ties together all of a business’s activities. (p475)
enterprise systems
A system that is used throughout an entire enterprise. (p469)
Expert systems
A computer system that provides the type of advice that would be expected from a human expert. (p480)
geographic information system (GIS)
An information system that combines geographic information with other types of data (such as information about customers, sales, and so forth) in order to provide a better understanding of the relationships among the data. (p474)
information system (IS)
A system used to generate information to support users in an organization. (p467)
information systems (IS) department
The department in an organization responsible for that organization’s computers, systems, and other technology; also called the information technology (IT) department. (p485)
information technology (IT) department
The department in an organization responsible for that organization’s computers, systems, and other technology; also called the information systems (IS) department. (p485)
Intelligent agents
A program that performs specific tasks to help make a user’s work environment more efficient or entertaining and that typically modifies its behavior based on the user’s actions. (p479)
Inventory management systems
A system used to track and manage inventory. (p476)
management information system (MIS)
A type of information system that provides decision makers with preselected information that can be used to make middle-management decisions. (p473)
neural networks
An expert system in which the human brain’s pattern-recognition process is emulated by the computer system. (p481)
office system
A type of system in which hardware, software, and other resources are used to facilitate communications and enhance productivity. (p471)
order entry systems
A type of transaction system that records and manages order processing. (p473)
outsourcing
Turning over specific business tasks to an outside vendor; increasingly, the vendor is located in a different country with lower labor costs. (p485)
Payroll systems
A type of transaction system that generates employee payroll amounts and reports. (p473)
preliminary investigation
The phase of the system development life cycle in which a brief feasibility study is performed to assess whether or not a full-scale project should be undertaken. (p488)
Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems
A system designed to manage a product as it moves through the various stages of its life cycle, from design to retirement. (p477)
prototype
A model, such as one used to represent a system. (p499)
prototyping
A system development alternative whereby a small model of the system is built initially and then refined as needed. (p499)
Robotics
The study of robot technology. (p481)
robots
A device, controlled by a human operator or a computer, that can move and react to sensory input. (p481)
system
A collection of elements and procedures that interact to accomplish a goal. (p467)
system acquisition
The phase of the system development life cycle in which hardware, software, and other necessary system components are acquired. (p494)
System analysis
The phase of the system development life cycle in which the current system and identified problems are thoroughly examined to determine what should be done. (p489)
System design
The phase of the system development life cycle in which a model of the new system and how it will work is formally established. (p492)
system development
The process of designing and implementing a new or modified system. (p468)
system development life cycle (SDLC)
The process consisting of the six phases of system development: preliminary investigation, system analysis, system design, system acquisition, system implementation, and system maintenance. (p488)
system implementation
The phase of the system development life cycle that encompasses activities related to making the system operational. (p495)
System maintenance
The phase of the system development life cycle in which minor adjustments are made to the finished system to keep it operational until the end of the system’s life or until the time that the system needs to be redesigned. (p497)
systems analyst
A person who studies systems in an organization in order to determine what work needs to be done and how this work may best be achieved. (p485)
traditional system development
An approach to system development whereby the six phases of the system development life cycle are carried out in a predetermined sequence. (p498)
transaction processing systems (TPSs)
A type of information system that processes and records data created by an organization’s business transactions. (p472)
