Chapter 12 Factorial Design Flashcards
interaction effects
the effect that factor A has on the DV depends on factor B
interaction effects reflect…
moderation effects
factorial design
experimental designs examining how 2 or more IVs influence a DV SIMULTANEOUSLY
how many IVs are in factorial design studies?
at least 2
each condition in a factorial design has _______ _______ from multiple IVs
combined effects
cell means
the score of the DV; focal interest of factorial design
main effects in factorial design
overall effect of ONE IV on the DV AS IF ONLY THAT IV WERE STUDIED
interactional effects
interaction b/w two IVs/factors
marginal mean
mean DV score produced by 1 IV (each IV has its own marginal mean)
what test can be conducted to determine if the difference b/w means is significant?
ANOVA
what indicates the presence of interaction effects?
-lines are not parallel on line graph
-there is a difference between differences of means
what does a difference b/w differences of 0 indicate?
no interaction effects
template for describing main effects
there is a main effect of (factor name) on the DV such that participants in (one level of the factor) scores higher on the DV than participants in (the other level of the factor)
OR
there is not a main effect of (factor name)
template for describing interaction effects
- summarize if there is even an interaction effect b/w factors A and B
- for level 1 of factor B, the DV is higher/lower in level 1 of factor A than level 2 of factor A. In contrast, for level 2 of factor B, the DV is lower/higher in level 1 of factor A than in level 2 of factor A.
if a study shows to have both main effects and interaction effects, which are usually more important?
interaction
most outcomes in psychological studies are: main fx or interaction fx?
intercation
terms associated to cross-over and spreading interactions
cross-over: it depends
spreading: only when; especially when
what can factorial designs test?
-boundary conditions: specify the conditions under which the effect disappears or grows stronger
-theories
8 possible patterns of fx in 2x2 factorial designs
no interaction, no main
no interaction, main A
no interaction, main B
no interaction, main A, main B
interaction, main A
interaction, main B
interaction, main A, main B
interaction only
is using the terms “it depends” or “cross-over” sufficient for describing interaction effects?
NO
3 variations of factorial design
b/w subjects design
w/in subjects design
mixed factorial design
if there are 50 participants in a w/in subjects design, how many would be in a b/w subjects and mixed designs for the same study?
b/w subjects: 200
mixed: 100
in a b/w subjects factorial design, each participant experiences how many conditions?
1
in a w/in subjects factorial design, each participants experiences how many conditions?
all of them
what do you need to control for in w/in subjects factorial designs?
order fx
mixed factorial designs: manipulation of the IVs
one is manipulated as b/w subjects and the other as w/in subjects
how to write factorial notation
__ x __ x __ x etc.
what will the results section of a factorial design journal article examine?
whether the main fx and interactions were significant
may include reference to significance, p value, analysis of variance (ANOVA, etc)
if a factor has more than 2 levels, what type of test will be conducted to determine which marginal means are different?
post-hoc tests
what are simple effects tested for in factorial design?
to see the pattern of interactions
example of a factorial design description
a 2 (time: short vs long) x 2 (usage: passive vs active) mixed factorial design with time as a b/w subjects factor and usage as a w/in subjects factor
we cannot draw causal conclusions for effects involving which type of variable?
participant variables
