chapter 12: defining psychological disorders

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

an unusual, distressing, and dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, or behavior

Question 2

comorbid

Answer 2

meaning that a given person suffers from more than one disorder

Question 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 3

organizes the diagnosis of disorder according to five dimensions (or axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or disability

Question 4

Anxiety disorders

Answer 4

psychological disturbances marked by irrational fears, often of everyday objects and situations.

Question 5

Dissociative disorders

Answer 5

conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, and identity.

Question 6

Mood disorders

Answer 6

psychological disorders in which the person‘s mood negatively influences his or her physical, perceptual, social, and cognitive processes. They include dysthymia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder.

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

a serious psychological disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, loss of contact with reality, inappropriate affect, disorganized speech, social withdrawal, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

Question 8

personality disorder

Answer 8

a long-lasting but frequently less severe disorder characterized by inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that causes problems in personal, social, and work situations They are characterized by odd or eccentric behavior, by dramatic or erratic behavior, or by anxious or inhibited behavior. Two of the most important personality disorders are borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD).

Question 9

Somatization disorder

Answer 9

a psychological disorder in which a person experiences numerous long-lasting but seemingly unrelated physical ailments that have no identifiable physical cause. Somatization disorders include conversion disorder, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and hypochondriasis

Question 10

factitious disorder

Answer 10

Patients with factitious disorder fake physical symptoms in large part because they enjoy the attention and treatment that they receive in the hospital.

Question 11

Sexual disorders

Answer 11

refer to a variety of problems revolving around performing or enjoying sex

Question 12

Sexual dysfunctions

Answer 12

include problems relating to loss of sexual desire, sexual response or orgasm, and pain during sex.

Question 13

Gender identity disorder (GID, also called transsexualism)

Answer 13

is diagnosed when the individual displays a repeated and strong desire to be the other sex, a persistent discomfort with one‘s sex, and a belief that one was born the wrong sex, accompanied by significant dysfunction and distress.

Question 14

paraphilia

Answer 14

a sexual deviation where sexual arousal is obtained from a consistent pattern of inappropriate responses to objects or people, and in which the behaviors associated with the feelings are distressing and dysfunctional