Chapter 12 - Attraction, Intimacy, and Love Flashcards
1
Q
Intimacy
A
- Feelings of closeness and connection that one shares with another
2
Q
Attraction
A
- Key reason for engaging in sexual activity
- Provides motivation to enter into a romantic relationship
- Different types of attraction like sensual attraction (desire to cuddle of kiss)
3
Q
Mere-repeated-exposure effect
A
- The tendency for repeated exposure to a stimulus to increase our preference for that stimulus
- Basically we like people we spend more time with
- Proximity gives you the opportunity to develop an attraction to someone
- Can also allow you to develop trust
4
Q
Physical attractiveness
A
- Plays a major role in attraction
- What we go towards first, but then personality and stuff becomes more important
- Men care more about looks than women typically
5
Q
Reciprocity
A
- We tend to like and be attracted to people who show signs of liking and being attracted to us
- Attraction breeds attraction
6
Q
Uncertainty
A
- Uncertainty increases attraction
- May enhance attraction because it increases the frequency with which one things about another
- As long as there is initial attraction, people may be more attracted to someone. when they are uncertain about how much the other person likes them
7
Q
Similarity
A
- Tend to be attracted to others who are similar to us
- Homophily: the principle that we are more likely to have contact and affiliate with people who are similar to us
- Similar age, education, religious views, political views, SES, and other characteristics
- Assortative mating: tendency to choose a partner who is similar to oneself on one or more characteristics
- Attitude is a mean of similarity
8
Q
Menstrual-Cycle Effects
A
- Hetero women perception of attractiveness changes throughout their menstrual cycle
- Women prefer men with more masculine facial features when they are most fertile
- Women also tended to prefer more feminine male and female faces at times of low fertility
- The attractiveness of one’s scent has also been found to vary during a women’s cycle
9
Q
Why might opposites attract according to MHC
A
- Produce offspring with better immunocompetnece
- Avoid in-breeding and the associated negative genetic consequenes
10
Q
Pick up strategies
A
- Third party intros are most effective
- Women prefer innocuous pick up lines over cute ones
- Women prefer clean jokes over dirty ones
11
Q
Five main types of intimacy
A
- Emotional: My partners listens to me when I need to talk
- Social: Having time together with friends is important as a shared activity
- Sexual: Sexual expression is essential in our relationship
- Intellectual: My partner helps me clarify my thoughts
- Recreational: we enjoy the same recreational activities
12
Q
Secure style of attachment
A
- Positive views of self and others
- High self esteem
- Able to form and maintain close intimate relationships without difficulty
- 47 to 57%
13
Q
Preoccupied style of attachment
A
- Negative view of self
- Positive view of others
- Feel unworthy, dependent on other people for approval, may be demanding in their relationships
- 10 to 14%
14
Q
Fearful style of attachment
A
- Negative view of self and others
- Experience low self-worth
- Desire intimacy but actively avoid it for fear of being rejected
- 15 to 21%
15
Q
Dismissing style of attachment
A
- Positive view of self and negative view of others
- Self reliant and see intimacy with others as unimportant
- 18%
16
Q
Attachment style’s influence on relationship
A
- Romantic attachment is influenced by avoidance of intimacy and anxiety about rejection
- Have an important important on relationship satisfaction, emotional expression, and sexual behaviour
- Secure attachments are typically the most satisfied
- Anxious and avoidant’s are more likely to have negative outcomes
17
Q
Hooking up and casual sex
A
- Many people engage for emotional closeness or other emotional reasons
- People may do it because there is no emotional factors
- Common for university aged students
- Contraception has made it easier to have frequent casual sex
- Pros and cons to this obviously
18
Q
What is love
A
- People do not have a formal definition for love
- There is a list of certain features as characteristics of love:
- Caring,
- Happiness,
- Acceptance, and
- Trust
- Sexual attraction, desire, and trust are mentioned often as central to romantic love
19
Q
Passionate love
A
- State of intense longing for union with another
- Sometimes referred to as “being in love”
- Hot and fiery state
- Behavioural, cognitive, and emotional components
20
Q
Companionate live
A
- Warm state which is cooler than passionate love
- Affection and tenderness we feel for someone with whom our lives are deeply connected
- Based on deep friendship and is comfortable and trusting
21
Q
Love in the brain
A
- Increased activity in dopamine rich reward and motivation systems of the brain
- Decreased activity in brain areas involved in social judgment and emotions such as fear and grief
- Passionate love seems to share brain patters with euphoric states such as cocaine induced euphoria
- May make it harder for us to see negative emotions (love is blind)
22
Q
Rejection and the Brain
A
- Dopamine-rich areas of the brain associated with motivation and reward were activated in individuals who viewed a photo of their ex-partner
- Areas of the brain associated with craving for cocaine were activated when participants viewed their ex-partner
23
Q
A
24
Q
Duplex theory of love
A
- Robert Sternberg’s theory
- It integrates two previously separate theories: the triangular theory of love and the theory of love as a story
25
Q
The triangular theory of love
A
- Three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment
- intimacy involves feelings of closeness and connection to a loved one and includes feelings that lead to warmth in a relationship
- Passion involves physical arousal and attraction and often is characterized by a drive to be sexual with one’s partner; at the same time, other strong needs, such as a need to be nurtured by one’s partner, may also add to the experience of passion in a relationship (earliest component)
- Commitment, in the short term, is the decision that one person loves another; in the long term, it is the decision to maintain that love.
- Come together to form the love triangle where we can sketch many different kinds of love
26
Q
Liking love
A
- Just intimacy
- Friendship
27
Q
Companionate love
A
- Intimacy + commitment
- Deep friendship
28
Q
Empty love
A
- Decision/Commitment
- Blind date
29
Q
Fatuous Love
A
- Passion + commitment
- Romeo and Juliette type beat
30
Q
Infatuation love
A
- Passion
- Love at first sight
31
Q
Romantic love
A
- Passion and intimacy
32
Q
Consummate love
A
- Intimacy, passion, and commitment
33
Q
The theory of love as a story
A
- We are exposed to various stories about what love is and eventually we create our own love stories based on our own personalities and experiences
- We are most satisfied when our relationship matches our love stories
34
Q
The theory of love styles
A
- Six major ways of loving or orientating to love
- Eros
- Storge
- Ludus
- Pragma
- Mania
- Agape
- They are attitudes or beliefs
- Linked to relationship satisfaction
35
Q
Eros
A
- Romantic, erotic, and passionate love
- Ex: My lover and I have the right physical chemistry between us
36
Q
Storge
A
- Love based on friendship and compatibility
- Ex: The best kind of love grows out of a long freindship
37
Q
Ludus
A
- Game playing love that does not involve commitment
- Ex: I believe that what my lover doesn’t know won’t hurt them
38
Q
Pragma
A
- Practical love that involves ration decision making
- Ex: A main consideration in choosing a lover is how they reflect on my family
39
Q
Mania
A
- Mania is dependent, possessive, and obsessional love
- Ex: When my lover doesn’t pay attention to me, I feel sick all over
40
Q
Agape
A
- Altruistic love that is characterized by giving rather than receiving
- Ex: I would rather suffer myself than let my lover suffer
41
Q
The two-factor theory of love
A
- Emotions result from interaction and physiological arousal and cognition
- Says passionate love arises when two conditions are met
1. Intense psychological arousal is experienced by an individual
2. Situational cues prompt the individual to apply the cognitive label of love to the arousal - May cause misattribution of arousal: When a physiological arousal stemming from one state (e.g fear) is misinterpreted as stemming from another state (e.g love)
42
Q
Objectùm sexuality (OS)
A
- People feel emotionally and physically attracted to and fall in love with an object or objects
- Highlights the diversity that exists among people with regard to sexual attraction and love
43
Q
Optimal sexuality
A
- Having sexual experiences that are subjectively extraordinary
- The sexual and erotic intimacy associated with great sex appeared to be characterized by mutual respect, caring, acceptance, admiration, and trust
44
Q
Jealousy
A
- Negative emotional response to potential or actual rejection by a partner or to loss of a relationship due to a rival
45
Q
Evolutionary perspective to jealousy
A
- Your jealous because you want people to reproduce with you and not others
- According to this theory men should be more jealous than woman
46
Q
Social networking sites and jealousy
A
- Social media can raise levels of jealousy
- Can lead to negative consequences on the relationship and your emotions
47
Q
What factor predicts sexual infidelity among women
A
- Unhappy relationships
48
Q
Biological drive for love in 3 states
A
- Sexual desire: without you, they can’t have sex
- Romantic love: Without love they might not have enough sex to conceive
- Attachment: Without this you might not stick around long enough to spead your genes
- All this leads to successful reproduction
- Love exists for reproduction
