Chapter 1 - Perspectives on Sexuality Flashcards
1
Q
Sex and media
A
- Plays a large role in shaping our norms and identities
- Help us learn what is “normal” and what is expected of us
2
Q
Sex in the media in the Victorian era
A
- Media that referenced sexuality had to be very subtle because of the influence of religion
- Concerns sexual activity would lead to a population explosion
- Contraceptives was illegal, so advertising them needed to be treated very delicately
3
Q
Why did scholar Thomas Malthus argue and why
A
- Argued that sexually explicit material should be suppressed
- Believed that sexually explicit material would lead to an increase in the population that would overtax diminishing natural resources
4
Q
Vibrators in history
A
- Advertised in the early 1900s as massaging devices for health rather than pleasure
- They thought moving or dislodging your uterus would cure hysteria
- They thought sexual frustration would be transferred into physical and psychological issues
5
Q
Alfred Kinsey
A
- Published the “Kinsey Reports” about human sexuality in the 1950s
- Brought an openness to advertising in the media with sexy campaigns. Ex: Clairol’s hair colour campaign
6
Q
Peanut girls
A
- Used for advertisement
- Some saw it as feminism and others argued against it
7
Q
Calvin Klein in the 1980s
A
- Started to show scantily clad young men
8
Q
Sex in film and television
A
- Lysistrata is an ancient greek play that contained sexual innuendo and jokes
- Film industry has a broader appeal than theatre and made censoring sexual content more worrisome to authorities and groups
- First kiss in a movie was in 1896
- First film with nudity was in 1915
- Nudity affects rating codes in North America but the Europeans are much more liberal
9
Q
Sex and the internet
A
- Improved access to sexual content and activity
- Chat sites, message boards, and social networking sites have made it easier for sexual predators to target young people
- a positive aspect of the internet includes access to online dating sites
10
Q
Safer sex messages
A
- Some form of sexual content occurs in 70% of TV programs but almost none of them address the issue of safer sex
- Only 11% of shows mention the risks of sexual activities or address safer sex
- Many studies have found that adolescents who watch a great ideal of media are more likely to engage in sexually risky behaviours
11
Q
TV shows that have been positive in dealing with issues like teen pregnancy, STIs, and LGBTQ+ individuals
A
- Degrassi
- Sex in the City
- Queer as folk
12
Q
Sunday Night Sex Show
A
- Host is Sue Johanson
- On the radio from 1984 to 1998 and on TV from 1996 to 2005
13
Q
Ways prime media figures have attempted to help address prejudice against the GSM community
A
- ThinkB4youspeak.com, a public service announcement campaign, says “it’s not okay to say that’s so gay”
- The first televised male-male kiss occurred in 1960 in a BBC production of Colombe
- The first televised female-female kiss occurred in 1991 on L.A. Law
14
Q
Cultural Diversity on TV
A
- First interracial kiss on American TV was on Star Trek in 1968
- The first American film featuring an interracial courtship was Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner in 1967
- In 1996, 80% of all Hollywood roles went to white actors
- Black males are often objectified in sex scenes compared to white males
- Black males are often seen in roles where they have sex without intimacy and where their sex partners are dominated or treated violently
- Black music videos are more sexualized than white music videos
15
Q
Ancient texts
A
- Sexual texts date back almost 5000 years
- Chinese handbooks described various sex positions and were used to secure a long and healthy life
16
Q
The notion of culture
A
- Comes from…
- Beliefs
- Values
- Models
- Practices
- Norms and taboos
- Habits
- Traditions
- Myths
17
Q
Transmission of culture through social institutions
A
- Family
- School
- Religion
- Media
- Law
- Political Systems
- Etc.
18
Q
The Akha Tribe
A
- None for consumption of opium
- Mariage around 12 or 13
- Sexual apprenticeship with appointed widows and widowers with no children
19
Q
Inis Beag
A
- Very prude
- Ignorance about the french kiss
- No stimulation of the breasts with the mouth
- No hand stimulation of the penis
- No oral sex
- No sex before marriage
- Ignorance of female orgasm
- Fear of nudity
- Fear of sexual intercourse
20
Q
Mangaïa
A
- Masturbation in boys around 8 or 9
- Rituals involving boys learning to have sex with woman around 13 and then they have sex with an experienced woman 2 weeks later
- Girls are taught by an older woman
- They like intense sex
- Parents want their daughters to test drive before finding the right man
- Men find pleasure in bringing their partner to orgasm
21
Q
Ethnocentrism
A
- Affects our attitudes and makes us believe that only our version of sex is “normal”
- We forget that diversity exists
22
Q
Sex in the middle ages
A
- Sex was for procreation according to the church and not for pleasure
- St Augustine in the fourth century was influential in his notions that moral people should engage in sex only to reproduce
- Medical authorities however, promoted a regular but not excessive amount of intercourse as beneficial to the health
23
Q
Modern history of sex
A
- Censorship or erotic literature began in the 15th century with the rise of the printing press
- 1843, conception was understood and first officially recognized
- 1866 the first scientific study of sex was published
24
Q
Researchers who made significant contributions to the study of sex as a science in early sex research
A
- Magnus Hirschfeld
- Alfred Kinsey
- Shere Hite’s
- Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle
25
Q
Historical views on masturbation
A
- Was okay in ancient Greece
- 1656: Views changed and masturbation was punishable by death in Connecticut
- 20th century physicians began to challenge the idea that masturbation could cause dire medical consequences
26
Q
History of Sex Ed in Canada
A
- In the 1940s, there was a strong push for sex ed because of concern of rising levels of STIs
- In 1994, a comprehensive sex ed curriculum was developed in Ontario
27
Q
Sex as the original sin
A
- Placing blame for this sin on women goes back to the ancient Greek myth of pandora
28
Q
The story of Adam and Eve
A
- Eve was easily tempted and also a source of temptation for males
- In the Christian traditions you can either be “Madonnas” (Mary the mother of Jesus) or “whores” (Eve)
29
Q
Mistresses throughout history
A
- Allowed to have some agency, but it is not “ideal” as women are still controlled by men
30
Q
Judaism and sex
A
- Sex is viewed as part of God’s creation and therefore they are good
- However, all three major monotheistic religions viewed sex as a source of impurity (wet dreams, periods, and childbearing require ritual cleansing)
31
Q
Christianity
A
- Early on they had no central authority and had a variety of beliefs about sexuality
- The church then messed that up!
- Clergy’s were not required to remain unmarried or chaste until the 11th century
- Now they go wild with hating on all of us
32
Q
Islam and sex
A
- In early Islam there was more qual treatment and less gender division (until the 10th century)
- Was meant to be a positive pleasure within marriage
- Birth control was acceptable
- Arab knowledge of contraceptives was far beyond European knowledge until the 19th century
- Plural marriage is still permitted but usually not practiced anymore
33
Q
Polyamory
A
- Illegal in Canada
- Canada does not recognize polygamist marriages performed abroad as legal
- Polygyny: A man has more than one wife
- Polyandry: A woman has more than one husband
34
Q
Same-sex marriage in Canada
A
- Fourth country to legalize it in 2005
- Got some rights in 1999
35
Q
Hentai
A
- Refers to sexually explicit pictures, movies, comics, and games, particularly those of Japanese origin
- Many different forms
- In Japan, the term means “pervet” or “strange desires”
36
Q
What did Henry Havelock conclude
A
- Sexual behaviour is determined by the one’s social and cultural context and that if humans were left to their own desires, they would display a range of sexual behaviours, most of which should be considered “normal”
- Basically sexual behaviour is shaped by our social and cultural context
- Plays into ethnocentrism
37
Q
Differences and similarities between same and mixed sex couples
A
- Both likely to have disputes about finances and who does the dishes
- Division of labour is more equal and less gendered in same-sex relationships
- Same sex have higher levels of sex satisfaction but there are conflicting reports on this
