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APgov > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

501(c) group

A

a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States

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2
Q

527 political committees

A

tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code

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3
Q

Barack Obama

A

44th president of the United States

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4
Q

Bernie Sanders

A

Socialist US Senator

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5
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

A

a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns

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6
Q

campaign consultant

A

political strategists

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7
Q

campaign manager

A

oversees all aspects of the campaign including day-to-day operations, the hiring and management of staff, the coordination and implementation of the fundraising operations and ongoing coordination with the candidate

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8
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

Political spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment

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9
Q

closed primary

A

limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote.

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10
Q

communications director

A

responsible for managing and directing an organization’s internal and external communications.

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11
Q

Contrast ad

A

compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponsor.

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12
Q

conventional political participation

A

includes voting, volunteering for a political campaign, making a campaign donation, belonging to activist groups, and serving in public office.

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13
Q

crossover voting

A

a behavior in which voters cast ballots for a party with which they are not traditionally affiliated.

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14
Q

Donald J. Trump

A

45th US President

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15
Q

elector

A

a person who has the right to vote in an election.

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16
Q

Electorate College

A

consists of 538 electors.

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17
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act

A

the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising.

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18
Q

Federal Election Commission

A

an independent regulatory agency whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections.

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19
Q

finance chair

A

monitors financial procedures and status.

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20
Q

front-loading

A

a decision to move a primary date to the beginning (“front”) of the presidential nomination season.

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21
Q

general election

A

an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen.

22
Q

get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

A

describes efforts aimed at increasing the voter turnout in elections

23
Q

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

A

passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 to make sweeping reforms to the nation’s voting process.

24
Q

Hillary R. Clinton

A

Former First Lady of the US

25
Q

incumbency

A

the holding of an office or the period during which one is held.

26
Q

independent expenditures

A

a political campaign communication that expressly advocates for the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate that is not made in cooperation

27
Q

initiative

A

the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do.

28
Q

inoculation ad

A

A preemptive advertising tactic in which one party attempts to foresee and neutralize potentially damaging criticism

29
Q

mandate

A

he authority granted by a constituency to act as its representative.

30
Q

matching funds

A

set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources.

31
Q

McCutcheon v. FEC

A

struck down the aggregate limits on the amount an individual may contribute during a two-year period to all federal candidates, parties and political action committees combined.

32
Q

mid-term election

A

a type of election where the people can elect their representatives in the middle of the term of the executive.

33
Q

Negative ad

A

an advertisement whose message is designed to wage a personal attack against an opposing candidate or political party

34
Q

open primary

A

a primary election in which voters are not required to declare party affiliation.

35
Q

political action committee (PAC)

A

popular term for a political committee

36
Q

Pollster

A

a person who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.

37
Q

Positive ad

A

An ad that only promotes its own candidate, and doesn address the opponent.

38
Q

presidential coattails

A

The tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election

39
Q

press secretary

A

a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch

40
Q

primary election

A

the process by which voters, either the general public or members of a political party, can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election

41
Q

prospective judgement

A

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.

42
Q

public funds

A

the funds of every political division of a state wherein taxes are levied for public purposes

43
Q

reapportionment

A

the process by which congressional districts are redrawn and seats are redistributed among states in the house.

44
Q

recall

A

a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official

45
Q

referendum

A

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

46
Q

retrospective judgement

A

a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power.

47
Q

runoff primary

A

a second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination.

48
Q

super PAC

A

independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates.

49
Q

turnout

A

how many people show up to vote in an election

50
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

3rd US President

51
Q

unconventional political participation

A

an important type of expression. It is particularly useful for people who do not have a great deal of conventional power.

52
Q

voter canvass

A

the systematic initiation of direct contact with individuals,

APgov (13 decks)

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