Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are micro expressions?
They are sudden or brief emotional expressions
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
It is part of the nervous system that controls invoulntary actions such as those of the heart and intestines
Where does the sympathetic nervous system take place?
It takes place in small neuron clusters that are located on either side of the spinal cord
What does the sympathetic nervous system control?
It controls your fight or flight response which controls adrenaline levels, heart rate, and breathing
Where is the parasympathetic nervous system located?
It is a long stretch of neurons that starts in the medulla and extends to lower part of the spinal cord near the organs
What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?
It controls the decrease in heart rate and promotes digestion
CC: Some theorists insist that we can discuss emotions only for humans because animals cannot tell us about their emotions. How might you argue against that position?
That we can look at the physiological responses or watch their behavior to determine the emotions of animals
How does the James-Lange theory state how emotions occur?
It states that physiological change is primarily, and emotion is then experienced when the brain reacts to information received via the body’s nervous system
What does pure autonomic failure mean?
The autonomic system can no longer control the organs
What effect does pure autonomic failure have on emotions?
people will still feel them but a less intense level
CC: According to the James-Lange theory, what should we predict about the emotions of people who have stronger than average reactions to their autonomic nervous system?
That they would feel emotions more intensely than most people
What does Schachter and Singer’s theory state about emotional response?
According to the theory, when and emotion is felt, as physiological arousal occurs, and the person uses the immediate environment to search for cues to label the physiological arousal as a specific emotion
CC: You are going on a date and you want this person to find you exciting. According to Schachter and Singer’s theory should you walk through an art gallery or ride roller coasters?
Roller coasters because they will associate that excitement with. (but it can backfire if your date gets nauseated from them)
What are the six basic emotions as state by Paul Elkman (1971)?
joy, fear, sadness, anger, disgust, and surprise
CC: Why are people better at identifying emotions in real life rather than in photos.
Because you get more context such as what is going on and other physical expressions
CC: Why is the ability to recognize the facial expressions of the six emotions not convincing evidence that these are basic emotions?
Because there are other emotions that we can identify just from facial expressions. It is also hard to limit facial expressions to only 6 categories
What is the circumplex model for emotions?
It is a measure of how the emotion is felt physically rather than emotionally
What are the continuums for the circumplex model of emotions?
From arousal to sleepiness and from pleasure to misery
CC: What is an alternative to the concept of basic emotions?
The circumplex model which is the idea that our emotions are fall on a ranges of pleasantness and intensity.
What is the broaden and build hypothesis of positive emotions?
It is the idea that happiness makes you more open to new ideas and opportunities
CC: In what way might sadness be useful? In what way might guilt be useful?
Sadness might be useful because people are more likely to be realistic with the information they are presented with and are less likely to procrastinate. Meanwhile guilt is important for ethical decision making and behaviors.
How is emotional intelligence defined?
The ability to distinguish and understand emotions. to apply that knowledge to decision making
CC: What is the objection to “consensus” scoring on emotional intelligence tests?
That it can be useful, but it cannot identify individuals who have remarkably high levels if the scores are just based on the most popular or agreed upon response
TQ: What can physiological measurements tell us about someone’s emotion?
A) They help us differentiate between fear and anger
B) They help us differentiate between happiness and sadness
C) They identify the cause of an emotional experience
D) The gauge the intensity of the emotional experience
D
TQ: According to the James Lange theory, what causes the feeling aspect of emotion?
A) Cognitive appraisal of the situation
B) Perception of body changes
C) Logical reasoning processes
D) Identification with other people
B
TQ: According to Schachter and Singer, how do you recognize which emotion you feel?
A) By monitoring the activity of your sympathetic nervous system,
B) By monitoring the activity of your parasympathetic nervous system
C) By comparing your reactions to those of other people
D) By cognitive appraisal of the situation
D
TQ: Many studies overestimate people’s abilities to recognize emotions based on facial expressions, because they used which method?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Imitation
C) Matching
D) Physiological responses
C
TQ: People experiencing which two emotions are unlikely to make eye contact with you?
A) Fear and sadness
B) Fear and happiness
C) Happiness and sadness
D) Happiness and anger
A
TQ: What do researchers propose as an alternative to the 6 basic emotions?
A) 7 basic emotions
B) two or more continuous dimensions
C) A different set of emotions for each culture
D) An unlimited number of basic emotions
B
TQ: What is one apparent advantage of feeling sad?
A) Sad people are more active and ambitious
B) In general, sad people are more optimistic about their future
C) Sadness improves the probability of maintaining good health
D) Sad people make more cautious decisions
D
