Chapter 11 Flashcards
How can motivation be defined?
The process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome
What is Clark Hull’s definition of drive?
It is defined as a state of unrest or irritation that motivates behaviors until those sensations are gone
What does the drive-reduction state about motivation?
It states that people do things like eat to reduce their hunger. But it goes on to say that if you satisfy all those needs you become inactive.
What is the definition of homeostasis?
maintaining a state of equilibrium
How did the concept of homeostasis affect the perspective of motivation?
We seek things out to help us maintain that state such as eating a big breakfast if you know you won’t get to eat lunch later
What does allostasis mean?
It means maintaining and individual’s equilibrium based on one’s circumstances and needs
What does extrinsic motivation mean?
It motivation to do something based on the rewards it will bring or the punishments that can be avoided by doing so
What does intrinsic motivation mean?
It means doing something based on purely enjoying it
CC: Considering the people seeing the foul-smelling flower in the introduction how can it be applied to the following forms of motivation? Drive-reduction, incentive, or homeostasis views? Or is it extrinsic or intrinsic motivation?
It is the response to an incentive to experience something usual. It is also intrinsic because they did it so see it and not for any other reason.
What did Maslow’s hierarchy of needs state?
It stated that we address our needs based on its urgency and relation to biological needs. Its only once those needs are met that we can focus on other needs like belonging and self-actualization.
How is self-actualization described?
It means being able to fulfill your potential
CC: According to Maslow, would wealthier or poorer people devote more effort to their intrinsic motivations? Why?
Wealthier people because they would more likely have the means to be able to and does not have to worry about other needs as much
CC: What conclusion would have followed if the two classes did equally well, within the class setting their own deadlines, those who set earlier deadlines did better than those who set later deadlines?
If the two sections had close to equal deadlines, then it could not have been concluded that deadlines improve performance. A conclusion that could have been drawn was that the more advanced students set earlier deadlines.
How is grit described?
It is described as the ability to overcome setbacks.
What is the mere measurement effect?
It is the effect that you are more likely to do something you’ve been procrastinating on if you estimate the probability of when you will have it done
CC: How could you increase your probability of getting a good start on writing a term paper?
You could get a good start by breaking it down into smaller steps to avoid procrastination and getting it done in a timely manner
CC: Making a quick decision increases the probability of action. If you were a salesperson, how could you use this principle to encourage someone to buy a product?
The salesperson could ask the potential customer if they have a preference of what color the product is to increase their interest.
What does delay of gratification mean?
Forgoing a pleasant activity to do something that is more important or urgent
CC: What advice would you give someone to resist temptation?
The best advice is to avoid the situations where you would feel tempted. Another thing you can do is to try to avoid exposing yourself to another temptation after successfully resisting one.
What is the scientific management approach to job design?
It is the approach to job design where you test people who would be best for the job, choose them and train them
What are the human relations approach to job design?
It is the idea that employers should give their employees meaningful tasks and jobs to enrich their meaning and increases their job satisfaction
CC: “I want my employees to enjoy their work and feel pride in their achievements.” Does that statement reflect a belief in human-relations approach or the scientific one?
It reflects the human relations approach
CC: Would the factors for class satisfaction in college be similar to job satisfaction?
Yes, because as people would progress through college they get done with their general courses, find their major and get to take more specialized classes that interest them. Additionally, students’ perception of the class will change based on their opinion and relationship with their professors.
What does job burnout mean?
When people lose motivation in their job or begin to feel as sense of mental and physical exhaustion
CC: What should someone do to prevent burnout?
Someone can find enriching things outside of their work to prevent burnout like pursuing hobbies, and having a satisfying home life
What is a transformational leader?
A transformational leader strives to challenge each of their followers for improvement and to strive for their shared goal
What is a transactional leadership style?
Someone who makes an organization more efficient by providing rewards to improve skill
TQ: How does the concept of allostasis differ from homeostasis?
A) Allostasis maintains constancy in the body
B) Allostasis controls muscle movement
C) Allostasis controls future needs
D) Allostasis emphasizes the importance of incentives
C
