Chapter 12 Flashcards
what is the function of cell division?
-repair, replace, grow, and reproduce cells.
compare and contrast cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells divide through binary fission, a simpler process.
Eukaryotic cell division occurs in two major steps: mitosis and cytokinesis
when is DNA replicated during the cell cycle?
- in the S phase
why does DNA replication occur during the S phase?
-to produce double the amount of DNA, providing the basis for the chromosome sets of the daughter cells
when is DNA packaged?
-In metaphase
what is a Chromatin?
the materia chromosomes are composed from.
what is a sister chromatid?
-duplicated copies of a single chromosome that are attached to each other and are identical.
what is a centrosome?
-a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division
-they go to either end of the cell and are what pull the two cells apart into individual cells
what is kinetochore?
-large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters
what is the longest part of the cell cycle?
-interphase
what is the shortest part of the cell cycle?
-the M phase
what is cytokinesis?
-cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells
how is cytokinesis different in plants versus animals?
-in animal cells they divide with cleavage furrow that pinches the cell making them two individual cells
-in plant cells they divide by the cell plate, the cell wall is formed adjacent to the cell plate until they are fully formed
what is binary fission?
-when prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, replicate by a type of simple cell division.
-They cell makes copies of its genetic material, before splitting into two daughter cells.
how is DNA packaged?
-by using supercoils or superhelices to compress the DNA molecule.
