Chapter 10 Flashcards
what is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
where does photosynthesis occur?
the chloroplast
what reaction occurs in the thylakoid of chloroplast?
light-dependent reaction
what is a photosystem?
functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis
How are PSI and PSII different from each other?
The PSII special pair absorbs best at 680 nm, while the PSI special absorbs best at 700 nm
How does PSI and PSII work together during light reactions?
an electron that’s excited in PSII is passed down an electron transport chain to PSI
Describe chemiosmosis during light reactions
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration. During light reaction, photolysis of water generates protons which accumulate in the lumen
How is ATP generated during chemiosmosis?
The flow of protons back into the matrix of the mitochondrion via ATP synthase provides enough energy for ADP to combine with inorganic phosphate to form ATP
how does carbon enter the Calvin cycle?
-through the stomata
what is rubisco?
-the enzyme responsible for the fixation of carbon derived from atmospheric CO2
what is the significance of G3P?
itsthe prime end-product of photosynthesis
how many G3P exit the Calvin cycle per three CO2 fixed?
-One exits the cycle
what are the remaining G3P used for?
-the other five must be recycled to regenerate three molecules of the RuBP acceptor
summarize the Calvin cycle
a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.
what are the products of the Calvin cycle?
-2 G3P molecules, 3 ADP, and 2 NADP+
Summarize the light reactions
-use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions to “fix” CO2 and create a product that can be converted into glucose.
what are the products of light reactions?
-ATP, NADPH, and O2
what reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?
-The stroma is where the light-independent reaction process of photosynthesis, also called the carbon cycle, takes place.
describe the three phases of the Calvin cycle
The Calvin cycle has three stages
stage 1:
-the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule
stage 2:
-the organic molecule is reduced.
stage 3
-RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.
