Chapter 12 Flashcards
Trauma
Trauma is the impact felt from high levels of stress, which can be emotional or physical
Origin of the word stress
Comes from the Latin word strictus, which means tight or narrow
Response
Physical and thought response to your perception of various situation
Transaction
A persons capacity to cope and adjust to challenges and problems is a consequence of transactions that occur between a person and their environment
Primary appraisal
Concerned with the evaluation of how harmful is situation is
Secondary appraisal
Concerned with people’s evaluation of their resources and options for coping
Why is stress difficult to measure?
Stress as a parent on many levels, social, psychological, physiological
How is stress measured as a stimulus
SSRS
SRRS
Self assessment tool for measuring the total stress you’re experiencing
Can help to respond effectively to whatever stress you face
Based on 43 items
Hassle scale
Measures respondents attitudes about daily situations
Instead of focussing on highly charged life events, this test provides a comfortable way to evaluate positive a negative events that occur in daily life
Evolutionary reasons for stress response
The stress response has been shaped by natural selection to a Cres the ability for organisms to cope with situations that require action or defense
General adaptation syndrome
Describes physiological changes your body goes through as a response to stress
Occurs in stages alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Cortisol
Steroid hormone that is produced by your two adrenal glands, which sit on top of each of your kidneys
Cortisol increases in the bloodstream when someone is stressed
Sympathetic nervous system
Please of major role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations
Speeds up heart rate, delivers more blood to areas that need oxygen, etc.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Predominates and quiet, rest and digest conditions
Conserves energy to be used later and regulates body functions
Fight or flight
Automatic physiological reaction to an event that is perceived as stressful or frightening
Tend and befriend
A theory that states that humans Macy’s social support and connection when facing a threat
Alternative to fight or flight
Eustress
Moderate or normal, psychological stress, interpreted as being beneficial
Benefits of social support
Buffer against stress, releasing, calming brain, chemicals, physiological, benefits, a sense of belonging, solving practical problems
Control strategies to reduce stress
Take breaks from social media, take care of yourself, make time to unwind, talk to others, connect with your community, avoid drugs and alcohol
Behavioural coping with stress
Irritability, outburst of anger, frequent arguments, inability to relax, changing, eating habits
Cognitive coping with stress
Poor concentration, memory, problems, constant, worrying, and anxiety, only seeing the negative
Decisional coping with stress
Ability to choose among alternative courses of action
Informational coping with stress
The ability to acquire information about a stressful event
Emotional coping with stress
The ability to suppress and express emotions
Hardiness
Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances
Optimism
Hopefulness and confidence about the future or the successful outcome of some thing
Rumination
A deep, considered thought about some thing
Proactive coping
Anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping
Problem, focussed coping
A problem solving technique in which an individual address is a problem directly in an attempt to eliminate that
Emotion, focussed coping
Using skills for processing and dealing with feelings that arise due to stressful situation
Diaphragmatic breathing
A technique to help strengthen your diaphragm, and fill your lungs with air more efficiently
Nocebo affect
Situation, where a negative outcome occurs due to a belief that the intervention will cause harm
Psychoneuroimmunology
Term used to describe the interactions between the emotional state, is nervous system functions, and immune system
Stress and colds
I stress can lead to inflammation, disease, and the de regulation of the immune system
Psychophysiological illness
Physical diseases that are either brought about or worsened by stress or other emotional factors
Bio, psychological perspective
Systematically, considers, biological, psychological, and social factors, and their complex interactions and understanding health
Coronary heart disease and stress
Low socioeconomic status, lack of support, stress at work and family life, depression, anxiety, hostility, all contribute to the risk of developing coronary heart disease
What do health psychologist do?
Study how, patients handle illness
Why is lifestyle change hard
Lifestyle changes, take time and require support
Difficult to commit and follow through
Personal inertia
The state of remaining unchanged, or being unable to change our current behavior, due to psychological factors
Miss estimating risk
The uncertainty, over current, mortality rates
Complementary medicine
Any range of medical therapies that fall beyond the scope of conventional medicine
Alternative medicine
Any range of medical therapy’s that are not regarded as orthodox by the medical profession
