Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are the checkpoints we use for the assessments of the kinetic chain?
The Kinetic Chain Checkpoints are:
Feet and the ankles
Knees
Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip-Complex or the LPHC
Shoulders
Head and neck
Flattening of the feet (eversion) can create stress in the kinetic chain. What distortion pattern is this connected to?
What about the anterior pelvic tilt?
Flattening of the feet (eversion) is connected to pronation distortion syndrome.
The anterior pelvic tilt is associated with the lower crossed syndrome
What occurs when clients sit for extended periods of time?
If clients sit for longer times, their hips stay flexed for that prolonged time, which will lead to tightened hip flexors and imbalances with posture in the human movement system. The tendency is for the shoulders and head to tire out due to gravity, thus possibly leading to the head being forward and the shoulders rounding. Poor cardio conditioning is also possible due to long periods of sitting.
From the overhead squat assessment, from what view should you be viewing your client?
Throughout the squat, where should the knees be aligned?
How deep of a squat should your client perform?
During the overhead squat assessment, you should view your client from the anterior view to view the feet, ankles, and knees as well as the lateral view to view the lumbo-pelvic- hip-complex, shoulder, and cervical complex.
• The knees should be in line with the feet (second and third toes).
• The client should squat to the height of a chair seat, approximately.
What does the overhead squat assessment assess? Explain how to perform it.
What should you be viewing?
What are the common compensations from the anterior view and lateral view?
(Note: There are more than 10 questions on the test on this topic)
Designed to assess dynamic flexibility, core strength, balance, and overall neuromuscular control. Shown to reflect lower extremity movement patterns during jump-landing tasks. Knee valgus (knock-knees) during an overhead squat test is influenced by decreased hip abductor and hip external rotation strength, increased hip adductor activity, and restricted ankle dorsiflexion.
- The client stands with feet shoulders width apart and pointed straight ahead. Foot and ankle complex should be in a neutral position. Assessment performed with shoes off to better view foot and ankle complex.
- Have the client raise his or her arms overhead, with elbows fully extended.
- Movement – Instruct the client to squat roughly to height of chair seat and return to starting position. Repeat movement for 5 reps, and observe from each position (anterior and lateral)
- Views – View feet, ankles, and knees from the front. Feet should remain straight with knees tracking in line with foot.
View lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulder, and cervical complex from side.
Tibia should remain in line with torso while arms also stay in line with torso. - Compensations Anterior View – Do feet flatten and/or turn out? Do knees move inward (adduct and internally rotate)?
- Compensations Lateral View – Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex – Does the lower back arch?
Does the torso lean forward excessively?
Shoulders – do the arms fall forward?
It helps to physically mimic every compensation and then literally feel which muscle groups must be shortened/lengthened for this compensation to occur.
It seems like a lot at first, but when you go through a few rounds of mimicking different compensations, it becomes more apparent which muscle groups are underactive and overactive.
Describe and write down the three most common postural distortion patterns.
Which muscles are overactive, and which muscles are underactive for each distortion pattern?
Pes planus distortion syndrome is shown when someone has flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and slightly internally rotated hips. The overactive muscles in this syndrome are the gastrocnemius, soleus, adductor complex, and the hip flexors. The possible underactive muscles are the anterior and posterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius.
Lower crossed syndrome is shown by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis in the lumbar spine. The possible overactive muscles here will be the hip flexors and the lumbar extensors. The possible underactive muscles are the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, and the abdominals.
Upper crossed syndrome is shown by a forward head and rounded shoulders. The possible overactive muscles are the pec major, pec minor, levator scapula, sternocleidomastoid, and the upper
trapezius. The possible underactive muscles are going to be the middle traps, lower traps, rhomboids, and the deep cervical flexors.
Explain the Push-up test. Know the positioning of the body and the movement specifics
The client starts with proper positioning for the movement in the push-up position with the hands slightly out of shoulder width and the elbows and knees both fully extended, and the spine is in a neutral position. This may also be done in the kneeling position when not possible to do a full push-up.
From the start position:
- The client lowers their body down to 90 degrees of flexion in the elbow prior to returning to the start position up top. This pattern is repeated for 60 seconds.
- All reps that are done to the right depth are counted for this minute time.
- The client needs to be reassessed often to evaluate their progress.
What is the Vertical jump test? Explain its importance.
The vertical jump test is one of the most well-known tests used for athletes of all kinds. This test is used to test the max jump height and the power in our lower extremities. There are several variations to the test as well as the materials used. The most used one is the Vertec vertical jump tester, which is the one the book uses as a tool. An important thing to know for this test is that primarily for athletes with athletic goals and not simply for those with general fitness desires. A proper warm up is needed for the test to be accurate.
What are the reasons for which we should reassess our clients?
We should reassess our clients because it provides them with positive encouragement and serves as a helpful reminder to continue working hard for the goals they have set.
It also helps the clients to realize how the exercise programming from the certified PT is making a difference in their fitness level.
It also provides an opportunity for fitness professionals to advance the client’s exercises as the abilities of the client improves.
