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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 11 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord; automatic responses

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

cranial and spinal nerves; communication between CNS and rest of the body

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3
Q

Sensory (afferent Division)

A

info towards CNS

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4
Q

Motor (efferent) Division

A

info away from CNS

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5
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary (skeletal muscles)

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscles)

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7
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

fight or flight

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

rest and digest

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9
Q

neuroglia

A

supports cells and amplifies signal

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10
Q

neurons

A

transmit signals; move info

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11
Q

astrocytes

A

“blood-brain barrier”; wraps around blood vessels and creates barriers between blood and the CNS; controls chemical environment around neurons

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12
Q

microglia

A

immune cells (for neurons); absorb debris - CNS

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13
Q

ependymal

A

at barrier better blood plasma and cerebral spinal fluid; filters plasma and produces CSF; ciliated (CNS)

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14
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

white matter; plasma membrane that wraps around axon (myelin sheath); insulates electrical signal (mostly lipids) - CNS

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15
Q

satellite

A

astrocytes for PNS; separate and contain nerves

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16
Q

schwann

A

oligodendrocytes for PNS

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17
Q

nuclei

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS (gray matter)

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18
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNS

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19
Q

tract

A

bundles of nerves in CNS (efferent and afferent)

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20
Q

nerves

A

bundles of nerves in PNS

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21
Q

axon hillock

A

fires axon potential when stimulated to threshold

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22
Q

axon terminal

A

communicates info to somewhere else

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23
Q

diencephalon

A

directs info to brain (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

24
Q

brain stem

A

involuntary functions

25
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination

26
Q

gray matter

A

non-myelinated

27
Q

white matter

A

myelinated

28
Q

folds on outside of brain

A

soleus and gyri

29
Q

ventricles

A

CSF produced by ependymal cells

30
Q

frontal lobe

A

processing and command

31
Q

central subus

A

located between frontal and parietal lobes

32
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor control

33
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

sensory

34
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

35
Q

temporal lobe

A

speech hearing

36
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin gray matter, not many axons

37
Q

somatotophy

A

all muscles can be mapped onto the corresponding brain area

38
Q

Broca’s Area

A

speech (motor); intention to speak into speak

39
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives sensory info from body

40
Q

limbic

A

memories and emotions

41
Q

posterior association area/Wenike’s Area

A

understanding spoken words

42
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

executive thought (planning day)

43
Q

cerebral white matter

A

communication between CNS and body; myelinated fibers in tracts

44
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects hemispheres

45
Q

projection fibers (corpus callosum)

A

cerebral cortex to CNS (spine)

46
Q

basal nuclei (corpus callosum)

A

gray matter neurons with in white matter

47
Q

decussation

A

medulla crosses with spinal column opposite side of body registers signal

48
Q

basal nuclei (ganglia)

A

influence muscle movement; cognition and emotion; regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements; filters out incorrect/inappropriate responses

49
Q

thalamus

A

sorts, edits, and relays ascending input; 1st stop for info coming up spinal column

50
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls pituitary (how it communicates with body); lots of nuclei; portion of control of autonomic nervous system

51
Q

epithalamus

A

pineal gland; melatonin

52
Q

peduncle

A

connects cerebellum to brain stem

53
Q

brain stem

A

connection between higher brain and spinal cord

54
Q

pons

A

associated with cranial nerves (breathing)

55
Q

decussation happens in…

A

medulla

56
Q

medulla

A

last part of brain before spinal cord

57
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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