Chapter 11 - The Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord; automatic responses

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

cranial and spinal nerves; communication between CNS and rest of the body

Question 3

Sensory (afferent Division)

Answer 3

info towards CNS

Question 4

Motor (efferent) Division

Answer 4

info away from CNS

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 5

voluntary (skeletal muscles)

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 6

involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscles)

Question 7

Sympathetic Division

Answer 7

fight or flight

Question 8

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 8

rest and digest

Question 9

neuroglia

Answer 9

supports cells and amplifies signal

Question 10

neurons

Answer 10

transmit signals; move info

Question 11

astrocytes

Answer 11

“blood-brain barrier”; wraps around blood vessels and creates barriers between blood and the CNS; controls chemical environment around neurons

Question 12

microglia

Answer 12

immune cells (for neurons); absorb debris - CNS

Question 13

ependymal

Answer 13

at barrier better blood plasma and cerebral spinal fluid; filters plasma and produces CSF; ciliated (CNS)

Question 14

oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

white matter; plasma membrane that wraps around axon (myelin sheath); insulates electrical signal (mostly lipids) - CNS

Question 15

satellite

Answer 15

astrocytes for PNS; separate and contain nerves

Question 16

schwann

Answer 16

oligodendrocytes for PNS

Question 17

nuclei

Answer 17

clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS (gray matter)

Question 18

ganglia

Answer 18

clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNS

Question 19

tract

Answer 19

bundles of nerves in CNS (efferent and afferent)

Question 20

nerves

Answer 20

bundles of nerves in PNS

Question 21

axon hillock

Answer 21

fires axon potential when stimulated to threshold

Question 22

axon terminal

Answer 22

communicates info to somewhere else

Question 23

diencephalon

Answer 23

directs info to brain (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

Question 24

brain stem

Answer 24

involuntary functions

Question 25

cerebellum

Answer 25

coordination

Question 26

gray matter

Answer 26

non-myelinated

Question 27

white matter

Answer 27

myelinated

Question 28

folds on outside of brain

Answer 28

soleus and gyri

Question 29

ventricles

Answer 29

CSF produced by ependymal cells

Question 30

frontal lobe

Answer 30

processing and command

Question 31

central subus

Answer 31

located between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 32

precentral gyrus

Answer 32

motor control

Question 33

postcentral gyrus

Answer 33

sensory

Question 34

occipital lobe

Answer 34

vision

Question 35

temporal lobe

Answer 35

speech hearing

Question 36

cerebral cortex

Answer 36

thin gray matter, not many axons

Question 37

somatotophy

Answer 37

all muscles can be mapped onto the corresponding brain area

Question 38

Broca's Area

Answer 38

speech (motor); intention to speak into speak

Question 39

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 39

receives sensory info from body

Question 40

limbic

Answer 40

memories and emotions

Question 41

posterior association area/Wenike's Area

Answer 41

understanding spoken words

Question 42

prefrontal cortex

Answer 42

executive thought (planning day)

Question 43

cerebral white matter

Answer 43

communication between CNS and body; myelinated fibers in tracts

Question 44

corpus callosum

Answer 44

connects hemispheres

Question 45

projection fibers (corpus callosum)

Answer 45

cerebral cortex to CNS (spine)

Question 46

basal nuclei (corpus callosum)

Answer 46

gray matter neurons with in white matter

Question 47

decussation

Answer 47

medulla crosses with spinal column opposite side of body registers signal

Question 48

basal nuclei (ganglia)

Answer 48

influence muscle movement; cognition and emotion; regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements; filters out incorrect/inappropriate responses

Question 49

thalamus

Answer 49

sorts, edits, and relays ascending input; 1st stop for info coming up spinal column

Question 50

hypothalamus

Answer 50

controls pituitary (how it communicates with body); lots of nuclei; portion of control of autonomic nervous system

Question 51

epithalamus

Answer 51

pineal gland; melatonin

Question 52

peduncle

Answer 52

connects cerebellum to brain stem

Question 53

brain stem

Answer 53

connection between higher brain and spinal cord

Question 54

pons

Answer 54

associated with cranial nerves (breathing)

Question 55

decussation happens in...

Answer 55

medulla

Question 56

medulla

Answer 56

last part of brain before spinal cord