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8610: Information Management Systems - Pearlson > Chapter 11: Managing IT Projects > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Managing IT Projects Flashcards

1
Q

Involves collapsing the gap between the IS and business units.

A

Digital Convergence

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2
Q

What quality differentiates firms in the marketplace and destines them for success or failure?

A

The ability to adapt existing business processes and systems to produce innovative ideas faster than the competition.

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3
Q

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.

A

Projects

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4
Q

Organizations combine what two types of work to transform resources into profits?

A
  1. Projects
  2. Operations
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5
Q

The individuals and organizations that either are involved in the project or whose interests may be affected as a result of the project.

A

Project Stakeholders

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6
Q

What are the five (5) types of Project Stakeholders?

A
  1. Project Managers
  2. Project Sponsors
  3. Project Team
  4. Customers
  5. Employees
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7
Q

A collection of related projects that is often related to a strategic organizational objective

A

Program

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8
Q

Involve two or more teams that work interdependently and directly interface with one another within a system designed to pursue at least one common superordinate goal (such a program goal)

A

Multi-team System

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9
Q

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements

A

Project Management

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10
Q

What are the three major trade-offs when managing a project?

A
  1. Time
  2. Cost
  3. Scope
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11
Q

Increase in scope after a project has begun is called

A

Scope Creep

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12
Q

A department responsible for boosting efficiency, gathering expertise, and improving project delivery

A

Project Management Office

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13
Q

What four (4) elements are essential for any project?

A
  1. Project management
  2. Project team
  3. Project plan
  4. Common project vocabulary.
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14
Q

Person who makes sure that the entire project is executed appropriately and coordinated properly

A

Project Manager

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15
Q

Project members who work together to ensure that all parts of the project come together correctly and efficiently.

A

Project Team

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16
Q

Represents the methodology, budget, and schedule to be used by the team to execute the project

A

Project Plan

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17
Q

Allows all those involved with the project to understand the project and communicate effectively

A

Common Vocabulary

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18
Q

Who are the two key players in project management?

A
  1. Project Manager
  2. Project Sponsor
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19
Q

The project champion and works with the project manager in providing the leadership to accomplish project objectives

A

Project Sponsor

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20
Q

What are the nine (9) skills a project managers should posses?

A
  1. Identifying systems requirements
  2. Defining the team’s structure
  3. Assigning team members t
  4. Managing risks and leveraging opportunities
  5. Measuring the project’s status,
  6. Project visibibility
  7. Measuring project status
  8. Taking corrective action
  9. Providing project leadership
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21
Q

What are the three major periods in the project life cycle?

A
  1. Study
  2. Implementation
  3. Operations
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22
Q

An iterative, incremental approach that allows development teams to respond to the unpredictability of building and implementing software.

A

Agile Software Development.

The mantra for agile programming is “Code a little; test a little”

23
Q

Agile methodologies are also characterized by:

A
  1. More interactions with customer
  2. Frequent redesign
24
Q

What are two subcategories of agile software development?

A
  1. Scrum
  2. Kanban
25
Q

What type of agile software development has software that is delivered by cross‐functional teams in increments called “sprints.”

A

Scrum

26
Q

Are usually performed in two to four‐week iterations; it starts with planning, ends with a review, and includes every other system development life cycle phase inbetween

A

Sprints

27
Q

Scrum deliverables include:

A
  1. Product backlogs
  2. Sprint backlogs
  3. Burn‐down charts
28
Q

A type of evolutionary development that uses the method of building systems in which developers get a general idea of what is needed from the users and then build a fast, high‐level version of the system at the beginning of the project.

A

Prototyping

29
Q

The goal of prototyping is:

A

Quickly get a version of the software in the hands of the users and to jointly let the system evolve through a series of iterative cycles of design.

30
Q

Often called the Waterfall Method, is the set of activities used to create an IS, a process in which the phases of the project are well documented, milestones are clearly identified, and all individuals involved in the project fully understand what exactly the project consists of and when deliverables are to be made.

A

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

31
Q

SDLC is used in one of two distinct ways:

A
  1. General Project Plan
  2. A highly structured process for design and development
32
Q

When the new system is put in operation and all links are established.

A

Cutover

33
Q

What are the two (2) types of cutovers?

A
  1. Parallel Conversion
  2. Direct Cutover
34
Q

Type of cutover when the old system runs alongside the new system

A

Parallel conversion

35
Q

Type of cutover when the new system is installed in stages across locations, or in phases.

A
36
Q

Type of cutover when the old system may stop running as soon as the new system is installed

A

Direct Cutover

37
Q

Similar to prototyping in that it is an interactive process, in which tools are used to drastically speed up the development process.

A

Rapid Applications Development (RAD)

commonly used for developing user interfaces and rewriting legacy applic

modularized

38
Q

What are the three (3) types of tools used in RAD?

A
  1. Reusable code
  2. Code generation
  3. Programming language testing and debugging.
39
Q

A version of RAD or prototyping in which users are more integrally involved, as a group, with the entire development process up to and, in some cases, including coding

A

Joint Applications Development (JAD)

40
Q

Uses tools for RAD, JAD, agile software development, and prototyping to provide assurance that users’ needs will be met

A

User-Centered Design

41
Q

Encapsulates both the data stored about an entity and the operations that manipulate that data

A

Object

42
Q

Free software offers the following freedoms for the software users:

A
  1. To run the program for any reason you want
  2. To study how the program works and to adapt it to your needs
  3. To distribute copies
  4. To improve and release your improvements to the public
43
Q

Stipulates that the user cannot add restrictions to deny other people their central freedoms regarding the free software.

A

Copyleft

44
Q

A movement that offers a speedy way to develop software made available to a whole community

A

Open Sourceing

45
Q

The possibility of additional cost or loss due to the choice of an alternative.

A

Risk

46
Q

Risk can be quantified by:

A
  1. Assigning a probability of occurrence
  2. Financial consequence
47
Q

What are the three determinates of risk?

A
  1. Complexity
  2. Clarity
  3. Size
48
Q

The extent of project difficulty and number of interdependent project components.

A

Complexity

49
Q

Is concerned with the ability to define the requirements of a project

A

Clarity

A project is risky if it is hard to define

50
Q

A project has low clarity if

A

the users cannot easily state their needs or define what they want from the system

51
Q

A project with high clarity is one in which

A

the systems requirements do not change and can be easily documented

52
Q

All other things being equal, big projects are

A

riskier than small ones

53
Q

What are the two stages of risk management

A
  1. Risk Assessment
  2. Actions

8610: Information Management Systems - Pearlson (13 decks)

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