chapter 11 lists

Question 1

what are the 2 kinds of management concepts?

Answer 1

scientific
behavioural

Question 2

whos are the 5 kinds of behavioural concepts of management?

Answer 2

mayos Hawthorne effect
maslows hierarchy of needs
herzberg motivating factors
mcgregor X and Y theories
victor vroom expectancy theory

Question 3

what are the 5 principles of maslows hierarchy?

Answer 3

motivation arises from needs

one is motivated by unmet needs

when one need is satisfied another higher-level need emerges

a satisfied need is no longer a motivator

lower-level needs can pop up at any time and take attention away from higher level needs

Question 4

what are the 5 needs in maslows hierarchy (from top to bottom)?

Answer 4

self actualization
esteem needs
social needs
safety needs
physiological needs

Question 5

what are the 5 most important motivating factors in herzbergs motivating factors(in order)?

Answer 5

1) work itself
2) sense of achievement
3) earned recognition
4) responsibility
5) growth and advancement

Question 6

what was theory X managers 6 assumptions about workers attitude?

Answer 6

they feel the worker:
disliked work

avoided responsibility

little ambition

they needed to be forced/ threatened/ controlled/ directed

they were motivated by fear and money

they were lazy

Question 7

what was theory Y managers 5 assumptions about workers attitude?

Answer 7

they felt like workers;
liked work and naturally work towards goals
seek responsibility
they were creative
motivated by empowerment
wanted opportunities to grow

Question 8

what are 3 expectations an employee can expect?

Answer 8

possible raises
bonuses
protections from being laid off

Question 9

what are the 5 steps to use expectancy theory?

Answer 9

determine what rewards employees value

determine each employees desired performance standard

ensure that performance standards are attainable using SMART goal setting

guarantee rewards are tied to performance

be certain that employees consider the rewards worth it

Question 10

what is fredrick Taylors management concept?

Answer 10

you can increase productivity by studying the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching workers those methods

Question 11

what are the three elements of Fredrick Taylors management concept?

Answer 11

time
methods
rules of work

Question 12

what does the Hawthorne effect refer to?

Answer 12

the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied or watched

Question 13

what is maslows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 13

is the idea that motivation arises from needs and one is motivated to satisfy unmet needs and people are motivated to work or do something if one of their needs can be met

Question 14

what was herzburgs theory on motivation?

Answer 14

there were job related factors of the job that motivated the workers

Question 15

what are some examples of hygiene factors?

Answer 15

personal life
salary
working conditions
job security
company policy and administration
supervision
peers
subordinates
superior
interpersonal relations between employees

Question 16

what is the difference between maslows hierarchy and herzbergs motivating factors?

Answer 16

maslows hierarchy belives that what motivates an employee is fulfilling their own personal needs but herzbergs motivating factors belived that employees are motivated by functions of the job

Question 17

what is Mcgregors X and Y theory?

Answer 17

the way that managers motivate workers greatly depends on how the manager views the workers attitudes towards work, attitudes normally fell in in one of two sets of attitudes; theory X and theory Y

Question 18

what is management by objectives (MBO)?

Answer 18

a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion and evaluation of objectives among top and middle level management, it is more effective for higher level stable jobs

Question 19

what is victor vrooms expectancy theory?

Answer 19

the amount of effort that employees put in to a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome and those expectations can vary from individual to individual. depending on if they can do the task and if the outcome is worth it then the worker will be motivated

Question 20

what is the reinforcement theory?

Answer 20

positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishments motivate employees to behave in a certain way and keep people productive

Question 21

why would positive reinforcements motivate a person?

Answer 21

positive reinforcements will make an employee continue to work hard and not slack of when they have been meeting goals

Question 22

why would negative reinforcements motivate a person?

Answer 22

they can make a person work harder and become more productive when there is potential negative consequences if they do not change their actions

Question 23

what is equity theory?

Answer 23

it looks at how employees perceptions of fairness effect their willingness to perform