Chapter 11 Digestive Organs

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

Opening through which food passes into body, breaks food into small pieces by mastication and mixing with saliva

Question 2

Tongue

Answer 2

Consists mostly of skeletal muscle. It provides movement for food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech

Question 3

Palate

Answer 3

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 4

Soft palate

Answer 4

Posterior portion not supported by bone

Question 5

Hard palate

Answer 5

Anterior portion, supported by bone

Question 6

Uvula

Answer 6

Soft V shaped structure that extends from the soft palate, directs food into the throat

Question 7

Pharynx, throat

Answer 7

Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 8

Esophagus

Answer 8

10 inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 9

Stomach

Answer 9

J shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control

Question 10

Pylorus

Answer 10

Portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestines

Question 11

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 11

Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Question 12

Small intestine

Answer 12

20 foot tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. Absorption, the passage of nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the bloodstream, takes place through the villi.

Question 13

Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum

Answer 13

Portions of the small intestine

Question 14

Large intestine

Answer 14

Approx 5 feet long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and transit of solid waste products of digestion takes place here.

Question 15

Cecum

Answer 15

U shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Question 16

Colon

Answer 16

Divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 17

Rectum

Answer 17

Distal portion of the large intestine, approx 10 inches long, extending from the colon to the anus

Question 18

Anus

Answer 18

Sphincter muscle (ring like band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract. Provides for elimination of solid waste products.

Question 19

Salivary glands

Answer 19

Produce saliva which flows into the mouth

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

Produces bile which is necessary for the digestion of fat. Performs functions of digestion and metabolism.

Question 21

Bile ducts

Answer 21

Passageways that carry bile. There are three ducts: hepatic, common and cystic, collectively refered to as the biliary tract.

Question 22

Gallbladder

Answer 22

Small saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

Produces pancreatic juice which helps digest all types of foods and secretes insulin for carb metabolism

Question 24

Peritoneum

Answer 24

Serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 25

Appendix

Answer 25

Small pouch which has no known function in digestion

Question 26

Abdomen

Answer 26

Portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis