Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

Question 2

Aneurysm

Answer 2

Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

Question 3

Angina pectoris

Answer 3

Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle

Question 4

Arrhythmia

Answer 4

Any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

Question 5

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 5

Cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria

Question 6

Cardiac arrest

Answer 6

Sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR

Question 7

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 7

Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

Question 8

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 8

Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

Question 9

Congenital heart disease

Answer 9

Heart abnormality present at birth

Question 10

Coronary heart disease

Answer 10

Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to denying the heart tissue sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally

Question 11

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 11

Condition of thrombus in a deep vein, most often in the lower extremities. A clot or part of one can break off and travel to the lungs causing a pulmonary embolism

Question 12

Heart failure

Answer 12

Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

Question 13

Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 13

Disorder of the heart cause by persistent high blood pressure

Question 14

Intermittent claudication

Answer 14

Pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking, a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease

Question 15

Ischemia

Answer 15

Condition in deficient blood flow due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Question 16

Mitral valve stenosis

Answer 16

Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 17

Myocardial infarction

Answer 17

Death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

Question 18

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 18

Damage to the hear muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 19

Varicose veins

Answer 19

Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

Question 20

Anemia

Answer 20

Condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes

Question 21

Embolus

Answer 21

Blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point of circulation

Question 22

Hemophilia

Answer 22

Inherited blood disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VII

Question 23

Leukemia

Answer 23

Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow

Question 24

Sepsis

Answer 24

Condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systematic inflammatory response to the infection

Question 25

Hodgkin disease

Answer 25

Malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes

Question 26

Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 26

Acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever