Chapter 11: Conventional Insecticides Flashcards
most widely used chemical for quality of human life
conventional insecticides
is retail sale of pesticides > or < 14 billion
Over (>)
what is a insecticide
killer of insect
what does cida mean in latin (suffex)
killer
What is a herbicide
weed killer
what is a acaricide
mite & tick killers
what is a fungicide
fungus killer
What is a nematide
nematode killer
what is insecticide nomenaclature
formal process of naming insecticides
what are used to make insecticide names
approved common name, trade name (for patent), chemical name
How are common names approved
Organization for standardization
What is a trade name
brand or approved propietary name
what information do chemical names provide
structure and formula
Full name of insecticide with the names 1. carbaryl 2. Sevin 3. 1-naphthalenyl
methylcarbamate
carbaryl sevin 1-naphthalenyl
methylcarbamate
How do the names order within the full name for insecticides, common name, trade name, and chemical name
common name, trade name, chemical name
what do chemical formulas do
represent composition, describe components of 1 molecule, aids in characterization, uses molecular and structural formulas
mode of action
way in which insecticides are hurting insects
stomach poisions
enter insect body through gut, fatal after ingestion
contact poision
enter body when insect walks over treated surfacef
fumigants
insecticides become gasses above 5c
inorganic (insecticide)
no carbon
organic insecticide
contains carbon atoms
groups insecticides are divided into
synthetic & natural
how are Natural insecticides produced
retaining natural substances
what are inside botanical insecticide made of
made from plants
what are minaral oil mae of
refined petroleum
How are insecticides grouped
by chemical makeup. 4 major groups (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids)
what are quickly becoming illegal
insecticides
Pyrethroids
toxic to insects and small dogs
what generations of Pyrethroids are used
3 & 4
what are 3rd gen pyrethroids used for
cotton, corn, soybeans
what is more potent, 3rd or 4th gen pyrethroids
4th
What is carbamates toxic to
hymemoptera, polliatiors & parasitoids
what are organophosphates toxic to
potato beetle
what is organophosphates basically
nicotine substitute
most toxic kind of insecticides
phosphoric acids
examples of Aliphatic derivatives
Tepp & Malathion
what are Phenyl derivatives toxic to
toxic to humans
Heterocyclic derivatives used on
food for human consumption (limited use)
Types of phenyl derivatives
parathion, methyl parathion
type of heterocyclic derivatives
diazinon
what are neonicotinoids toxic to
piercing-sucking insects; aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, soil insects
what does neonicotionoids similar to
nicotine
phenylpyrazoles
blocker f GABA-regulated chloride channel
pyrroles
contact and stomach
pyridazinones
rapid knockdown residual properties
pyiridine azomethines
only pymetrozine
oxadiazines
only indocrb, sodium channel blocker
Insect growth regulators
3rd gen insecticides/ biorationals
what do insect growth regulators do
cause death or sterility & disrupts growth process
repellants
chemical that causes insect to orient movement away from source
chlorinated hydrocarbons
synthetic organic insecticide
DDT
banned. humans had residue within bodies.
HCH & Linane
prevously BHC. kills more insects than DDT
Cyclodienes
More toxic than DDT and harder to apply
Botanicals
derived from plants/ plant products. used longer than any other type of insecticide but not any safer than synthetic
why are botanicals impractical
expensive to extract from plants
synergists
increase toxicity of insecticide directly
adjuvants
axuiliralies, serve to carry the insecticide or are added to improve adhesion, mixing, suface tension, or smell
Insecticide formulation
mix activie and inert ingredients, some need to be diluted in water or oil
Inscticide toxicitiy
inherent poisionous potency under a given unit of laboratory conditions
mode of action
Types of liquid formulations
emulsifiable concentrates, ultra low volume concentrate, flowable, aerosols, liquified gas, dry formulaitons
tyepes of dry formulations
dusts, granules, wettable powders, soluble powders, dry flowables, water soluable packets, poisionus baits, slow release formuations
Insect modes of action
nerve
metabolic
alkylating
muscle
physical
what do nerve poisions do
affect insec nervous system
what do metabolic poisions do
disrupt wide range of metabolic processes within mitochondria of the cell
alkylating poisions
replace hydrogen in biologically significant compoints
muscle poisions
direct influence on muscle tissue
physical toxicants
block metabolic process by phycical means, usually due to oil
how do insecticides harm humans
acute poisioning, illness, death, chroinc poisioning,
how are people trying to solve toxicity to humans in insecticides
banned.,
