Chapter 10: Ecological Management of Pest Environment Flashcards
Ecological Pest Issues
alteration of habitat, modification to soil, water, and topography, displacement of natural flora & fauna, native species replaced with non native species used for food and fiber
Cultural Control definition
purposeful manipulation of the environment to reduce rates of pest damage
ecological management definition
involves environmental factors that already exist. understanding pest ecology as it relates to the desired commodity.
points to target in ecological management
food, space for feeding-mating-laying eggs. shelter
categories for ecological management
reduce average favorability of the ecosystem, disrupting the continuity of requisite food sources, diverting pest populations from the commodity, reducing the impact of insect injury
What is sanitation
crop residue destruction/utilization
destroy/remove crop residues to reduce infestations, burning, tilling, mowing, livestock grazing, downside is soil health
sanitation in logging
burning logs and pruning infested twigs and branches
Sanitation at home
remove leaf litter & brush piles, remove containers that hold standing water, eliminate animal waste, effective storage
what does habitat modification do
reduce habitat & food= reduce pest
what does obscuring host presence do
pest cant find host plant
what does tillage do
seedbed preparation, weed control, destroys alternate pest habitats, change soil environment, understanding soil types, life stages occur in the soil, informs timing and depth of tillage
chemigation definition
uses the irrigation system to dispense insecticides and other pesticides over the area
Continuity Disruption
reduce continuity in space, crop spacing, crop rotation.
what does crop spacing do
optimizes yields, close enough to have as much production as possible, far enough to provide space to grow, plants are close enough to aid insect movement
what does crop rotation do
rotate locations of specific annuals each year, initially used to improve soil structure,
when does crop rotation work best
pest has a narrow host range, eggs are laid before new crop is planted, the feeing sage is not very mobile
what does crop fallowing do
keep area weed free the previous season, stores precipitation, moisture stays in ground, higher crop productivity for next crop
diverting populations away strategies
trap cropping, strip harvesting, intercropping, push-pull cropping
what does trap cropping do
the trap lures pests to move into the trap area away from the protected plant
what does strip harvesting do
harvest different areas in different times
what does intercropping do
grow dissimilar crops in the same location
What does push-pull cropping do
manipulate distribution and abundance of pest or beneficial insect.
how to reduce the amount of damage done to a plant
modify host tolerance, modify harvest scehdules
