Chapter 11: Central and Southern Asia, to 1400

Question 1

Nomadic Groups (Xiognu &Turks)
                  (7)

Answer 1

Xiognu:
1. 3rd CE; Central Asia
2. Formed first confederation of nomadic tribe, Qin sent armies against them
3. Han emperors offered them gifts of silk, rice, cash, and brides in an attempt to make peace.
4. Used horse and carrage for travel and war
Turks:
6-13th CE; Central Asia
4. First inner Asians to leave written record in their own language
5. Often raided China and fought among themselves, they would rather destroy each other than live side by side
6. CC: contrasts to eachother
7. COT: Turks became Muslim in the 10th century

Question 2

Turkish Society & Its Impact on Central/Southern Asia

(6)

Answer 2

1. 6-13th CE; Central Asia
2. Uighurs had ties with Tang China who gave the Turks military aid and silk
3. Turks in 10th century started to convert to Islam and serve in Abbasid armies
4. In India, Persia, and Anatolia, military skills of Turks made it possible for them to become overlords of settled societies
5. CC: Turks were similar to the Mongols in their use of horse technology to conquer other places. Both the Mongols and Turks set up stable empires (Yuan Dynasty in China and Ottoman Empire in Middle eastb respectively) contrasts to regions that did not have an invading force such as Europe.
6. COT:

Question 3

Mongol Society & Its impact on Afroeurasia

(6)

Answer 3

1. 12th CE , Asia
2. Women in Mongol society had to work very hard and care for animals while men hunted or fought
3. had to fight for survival
4. Made carts and wagons with harnesses to use animals as a mode of transportation for supplies
5. CC: comparable to huns because of use of horses 6. COT:

Question 4

Chinggis Khan “Great Khan”

(6)

Answer 4

1. 12-13th CE; Central Asia
2. Concluded that Mongols would use the script of Uighur Turks, and in that script, recorded laws and customs.
3. Sent envoys to different cities to demanded submission and threaten destruction (conquered China and Persia)
4. Subdued Mongols & Turkish tribes while building up an army of loyal followers
5. CC: similar to Tamerlane in how they both rallied people together under them in a common rule
6. COT:

Question 5

4 Khanates

(7)

Answer 5

1. 13th CE; Central Asia
2. Division of the empire after Chinggis died where one of his descendants took charge at each region.
3. Ogodei was the certified successor who conquered Iran but was resisted by the Delhi Sultanate and Mamluk rulers in Egypt
4. Khubilai conquered China (started Yuan Dynasty) and Korea but failed to conquer Japan and islands of Southeast Asia
5. Golden Horde formed north-western sector of the Mongol Empire.
6. Ik-Khan was also a sector of the Mongol Empire and was ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.
7. CC:
8. COT: Continuity because Mongols continued to rule central Asia, but change because previously under Chingas Khan everything was under one Mongol but after him it is divided into four.

Question 6

Khublai Khan

(6)

Answer 6

1. 13th CE; Eastern Asia
2. Failed when sending fleets to Japan and Southeast Asia
3. At war with the khanate of Central Asia and had little contact with the khanate of Golden Horde in Russia
4. Took only Mongol women into the palace and discouraged Mongols from marrying Chinese
5. CC: Like his grandfather Chinggis however was not strong enough to hold empire together contrasts to
6. COT:

Question 7

Samarkand

(5)

Answer 7

1. 13th CE , Central Asia (Uzbekistan)
2. A city captured by Mongols
3. Artisans and skilled workers were seized and transported to Mongolia in order to make the capital reach the same level of the cities Mongols had conquered
4. CC: similar to ports of Funan in that both were economically rich
5. COT:

Question 8

Tax Farming

(5)

Answer 8

1. 13th CE; Central Asia
2. System where Central Asian Muslim merchants bid against each other for the privilege to collect taxes
3. the tax collectors get to keep the taxes they collect
4. CC:
5. COT:

Question 9

Tamerlane

(6)

Answer 9

1. 14th CE; Central Asia
2. A conqueror who emerged when the Mongol rule declined
3. Turkish Noble
4. Delhi Sultanate was defeated by Tamerlane’s armies
5. CC: Shows same abilities as Chinggis Khan and Chandragupta to rally people together and be loyal to his rule
6. COT:

Question 10

Rashid al-Din

(6)

Answer 10

1. 13-14th CE; from Persia, served the Mongols
2. Jew from Persia who converted to Islam and entered service of the Mongols as a physician
3. Became prime minister and made friends with the ambassador of Chine who arranged to help him translate Chinese works of medicine
4. Believed Mongols should rule in accord with moral principles of majority in each land
5. CC: similar to Renaissance thinkers such as Davinci or Thomas Aquinas (both religious figures who used rationality). Yingxing also was a scientist.
6. COT:

Question 11

Marco Polo

(6)

Answer 11

1. 13th CE; Venice
2. traveled China, India, Arabia, Sumatra, and Ceylon
3. Became friends with Kublai Khan and went on several diplomatic trips with him
4. Taken as a prisoner of war and had a fellow prisoner translate his traveling tales into a text that rapidly circulated through Europe
5. CC: comparable to Zheng He (14th century Chinese explorer)
6. COT

Question 12

Gupta State & Society

(6)

Answer 12

1. 600 CE , India
2. Chandra Gupta laid foundations by making alliances with powerful families in the Ganges, conquering many, and making tributary alliances
3. Government was left to the locals which brought stability and prosperity
4. White Huns invaded and caused decline of the Gupta society
5. CC: similar to Mongols and Huns being able to rally a group of people together under one emperor 6. COT:

Question 13

Mahmud of Ghazni

(5)

Answer 13

1. 10-11th CE , India
2. led forays into India from his base in Afghanistan
3. He looted Indian palaces and temples
4. CC:
5. COT:

Question 14

Caste System

(5)

Answer 14

1. 13th B.C.E. , India
2. social hierarchy of the Indian people
3. made it difficult to convert higher caste citizens to Islam
4. CC: constrasts against everyother social hierarchy in the world at the time similar to
5. COT:

Question 15

Muhammad of Ghur & Delhi Sultinate

(6)

Answer 15

1. 13th CE; Central Asia
2. Muhammad of Ghur led a line of Turkish rulers who arose in Afghanistan
3. He captured Delhi and extended his own control throughout north India
4. Muhammad Ghur was assassinated in 1206
5. CC:
6. COT:

Question 16

Funan Kingdom
         (6)

Answer 16

1. 1st CE; Central Asia
2. First state in Southeast Asia
3. Ports of Funan offered food and lodging to merchants waiting out bad weather
4. Local rulers embraced Hinduism and Buddhism while learning Sanskirt
5. CC: Similar to Srivijaya in how it imbraced cultural aspects of India contrasts to mongols who were not nice to strangers looking for lodging
6. COT:

Question 17

Khmer Empire & Society in Cambodia

(6)

Answer 17

1. 9-15th CE; South Asia
2. Most important mainland state that controlled the heart of the region
3. Social organization was based off of indigenous traditions
4. successful in a long series of war with the Vietnamese
5. CC: Comparable to strong empires like Momgols or Huns contrast to
6. COT:

Question 18

Srivijaya Society

(6)

Answer 18

1. 7th CE; South Asia
2. Maritime empire based on the island of Sumatra
3. Held the Strait of Malacca where traffic between China and India passed
4. Drew on Indian traditions to justify their rule and organize their state
5. CC: Comparable to Funan empire who embraced certain aspects of Indian culture contrast to
6. COT:

Question 19

Borobudur

(5)

Answer 19

1. 8th CE; Central Asia
2. Magnificent Buddhist temple complex
3. stone monuments depict the ten tiers of Buddhist cosmology
4. CC: similar to Taj Mahal in how it is a great architerctural feat contrast to Taj Mahal in its purpose the Taj was made for love and burial and the Borobudor was made for religous purposes
5. COT:

Question 20

Mahayana vs. Theravada Buddhism & Where Each Was Influential in Southeast Asia
(6)

Answer 20

1. Mahayana: 1st CE; India
2. Theravada: 2nd CE; India
3. Mahayana popular in Southeast Asian islands while Theravada was popular on the mainland of southeast Asia
4. Theravada was closer to the original Buddhism of early India
5. CC: contrast to eachother; theravada similar to original buddhism
6. COT:

Question 21

Bhaskara

(5)

Answer 21

1. 12th CE: Central Asia
2. astronomer/mathematician
3. wrote many books in Sanskirt
4. CC:
5. COT:

Question 22

Sati

(4)

Answer 22

1. 400 CE. , India
2. A practice where a high-caste Hindu woman threw herself on her husbands funeral pyre
3. CC:
4. COT:

Question 23

Kamikaze

Answer 23

1. 13th CE , Japan
2. “divine wind”
3. Japanese name for storms that destroyed Mongol fleets during war between the Mongols and Japanese