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Pharm > Chapter 11: Cardiovascular A/P & Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular A/P & Antihypertensives Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

SBP =

A

120

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2
Q

DBP =

A

70-80

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3
Q

Blood volume

A

Female: 4-5 L
Male: 5-6 L

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4
Q

MAP =

A

DBP + 1/3(SBP -DBP)

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5
Q

Increasing EDV and Decreasing ESV =

A

Increasing Stroke volume

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6
Q

What is the Hydraulic equation?

A

Calculates BP

BP = CO x PVR

** Rember CO = HR x SV !!!!!**

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7
Q

What sense a drop in BP?

A

Baroreceptors in the carotid arteries

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8
Q

What are the 4 anatomical site of BP control?

A
  1. Resistance Arterioles
  2. Capacitance Venules
  3. Pump output heart
  4. Volumr Kidneys
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9
Q

In blood vessles, if resistance increases, then ______ pressure is needed to keep the blood moving

A

more

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10
Q

What are the 3 main sources of peripheral resistance?

A
  1. blood vessel diameter
  2. blood viscosity
  3. blood vessel length (wt effects this)
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11
Q

What is the most common CV disease?

A

HTN

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12
Q

T/F: Kidneys are the 2nd target when trying to lower BP

A

F

First; they respond quickest

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13
Q

Describe how the kidneys respond to a drop in BP

A
  1. The kidneys stimulate Renin in the juxtaglumerular cells
  2. The liver produces Angiotensinogen which is inactive
  3. Renin active angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the lungs
  4. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme converts Angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  5. Angiotension II acts on the blood vessels and causes vasoconstriction while also acting on the adrenal gland causeing it to secrete aldosterone.
  6. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption which causes water reabsorption.
  7. The ultimate increase in BP causes a decreases in Renin secretion (negative feedback)
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14
Q

What type of drugs lower BP?

A

Diuretics
Alpha/Beta Blockers
Direct Vasodilators
ARBs
ACE inhbitors
CCB

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15
Q

Drugs: Clonidine

A

A2 agonist
CNS sympathoplegics

Partial agonist prevents full agonist from binding

lipid soluble- rapidly enters brain

primary activary at RVLM at brainstem
Activates Vagus nerve

SE: sedation, dry mouth

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16
Q

Drugs: Methyldopa

A

A2 agonist
CNS sympathoplegics

PRODRUG has to be activated

primary activary at RVLM at brainstem
Activates Vagus nerve

Good for pregnant women doesnt cross placental barrier d/t not being as lipid soluble

Tx: HTN

SE: sedation

17
Q

Drugs: Precedex

A

A2 agonist
CNS sympathoplegics

Uses: Sedation

18
Q

Drugs: Propanolol

A

Beta Blocker
B1/B2 - nonspecific

Decreases CO

INHIBITS RENIN PRODUCTION
Prevents reflection tachycardia

19
Q

What medication would you give to a pregnant lady to lower BP?

A

Methyldopa

20
Q

What beta blocker inhibits renin?

A

Propanolol

21
Q

T/F: When you give clonidine you see immediate prolonged hypotension

A

F

Brief rise, then prolonged hypotension

22
Q

The more specific the drug is to a receptor the ______ the drug is

A

Safer

23
Q

Why is Metoprolol a better choice for lowering BP than propranolol?

A

Propranolol is nonspecific. it works on B1 and B2 receptors which works in the lungs too. If i have asthma… this will cause the bronchials in my lungs to constrict more.

24
Q

T/F: Beta Blockers, Diuretics, and vasodilators are best used in conjunction

A

T

25
Q

What is a side effect of Alpha-1 blockers?

A

Retention of salt and water

26
Q

Drugs: Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator

induces NO production in endothelium

low bioavailability

27
Q

Drugs: Minoxidil

A

Vasodilator
Opens k+ channels in smooth muscle to hyperpolarize cell

Rogaine – SE: grows hair, angina
well aborbed

28
Q

Drugs: Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator

Breaks down in blood to release NO
Works on Arteries and veins

Continuous IV infusion

Protect from light

Tx: HTN emergency, Cardiac failure

29
Q

What happens if you reach high rates in Nitroprusside?

A

CN (cyanide) accumulation/posioning

30
Q

What organ eliminated CN?

A

Kidneys

31
Q

What metabolized CN?

A

Sodium thiosulfate

32
Q

Would you give Nitroprusside to a pt in kidney failure? Why?

A

No.

CN accumulation even faster.

33
Q

Drugs: Fenoldopam

A

Vasodilator
Dopamine-1 agonist

Continuous IV infusion

Tx: HTN emergency, post-op HTN

Pharm (30 decks)

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